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PMP Certification Exam 2025: Complete Project
Management Professional Practice Questions,
Study Guide, and Latest Test Prep Strategies
Here are the multiple-choice questions and rationales for the provided project management scenarios, with the correct answers indicated: Question 1: A project team in a remote location faces severe supply chain disruption, a risk identified but underestimated in the risk register. Guidance on the response is minimal. The MOST appropriate next step for the project manager is to: A) Immediately halt all project activities until the supply chain issue is resolved. B) Follow the original, minimal risk response plan as documented. C) Seek expert judgment on the matter and revise the risk response based on the new understanding of severity. D) Inform the project sponsor of the situation and request they provide a new risk response. Rationale:
- A might be necessary eventually, but the immediate first step should be to understand the full impact.
- B is insufficient as the original plan didn't account for the severity.
- C is the most proactive and informed approach. Expert judgment can provide insights into the extent of the disruption and potential mitigation strategies, leading to a revised and more effective response.
- D is important but should ideally happen after the project manager has gathered more information and potential solutions through expert consultation. Correct Answer: C) Seek expert judgment on the matter and revise the risk response Question 2: A tech startup has four diverse projects. Which statement about risk and quality is MOST accurate? A) Due to the startup nature, none of these projects require formal quality metrics.
B) Only the project with external vendors (Project 2) carries significant inherent risk. C) These projects all contain inherent risk and require unique quality metrics tailored to their specific objectives and deliverables. D) The project with a global team (Project 3) is the only one where communication risks outweigh quality concerns. Rationale:
- A is incorrect. All projects, regardless of the organization's size, benefit from quality management.
- B is too narrow. All projects have risks, though the nature and magnitude may differ.
- C is correct. Each project has unique aspects (executive stakeholders, new vendors, global team, experimental tech) that introduce specific risks and necessitate tailored quality approaches to ensure success.
- D incorrectly prioritizes communication risk over quality in one specific project. Both are important across all projects. Correct Answer: C) These projects all contain inherent risk and require unique quality metrics. Question 3: A company losing market share forms an agile team to recommend recovery strategies. To maximize the chances of successful recommendations, the team should primarily: A) Analyze the internal strengths and weaknesses of the company. B) Conduct brainstorming sessions with internal stakeholders. C) Focus on understanding the value consumers seek and the value competitors offer. D) Review past marketing campaigns and sales data. Rationale:
- A is important for internal assessment but doesn't directly address the competitive landscape and customer needs.
- B can generate ideas but might be internally focused and miss external market realities.
- C is the most customer-centric and market-aware approach. Understanding what drives consumer choices and how competitors are meeting those needs is crucial for developing effective recovery strategies.
- B is passive and doesn't address the immediate issues.
- C directly tackles both concerns by bringing in necessary expertise and highlighting how these resources can improve collaboration across different functional areas.
- D might be helpful in the long run but doesn't provide immediate solutions to the current lack of expertise. Correct Answer: C) Add cross-functional internal resources and explain their value to the team. Question 6: A government project aims to introduce a tax on sugary products. Which THREE actions can build shared understanding of project goals with public stakeholders? A) Create partnerships between the government and industry stakeholders so that the industry is prepared to support the change. B) Hold town hall meetings to present the rationale and benefits of the tax and gather public feedback. C) Announce the tax along with an advertising campaign to educate the country and individuals about the benefit. D) Publish detailed reports on the projected health benefits and economic impacts of the tax. E) Use an incremental approach by taxing products with the highest sugar content only and explain how this will improve health results over a period of time. Rationale:
- A focuses on industry stakeholders, which is important but not the primary public.
- B directly engages the public, allowing for dialogue and understanding.
- C uses broad communication to inform and educate the public on the benefits.
- D provides in-depth information for those seeking more details, contributing to understanding.
- E simplifies the initial impact and explains the long-term benefits, making it easier for the public to grasp the rationale. Correct Answer: A. Create partnerships between the government and industry stakeholders so that the industry is prepared to support the change., C. Announce the tax along with an advertising campaign to educate the country and individuals about the
benefit., E. Use an incremental approach by taxing products with the highest sugar content only and explain how this will improve health results over a period of time. Question 7: A project manager reports to the PMO but shares staff with donation, construction, marketing, volunteer, and finance departments. This describes a: A) Functional organizational structure B) Projectized organizational structure C) Matrix organizational structure D) Composite organizational structure Rationale:
- A (Functional) structure has employees grouped by specialization, with each employee reporting to one manager.
- B (Projectized) structure organizes the company around projects, with project managers having high authority over assigned resources.
- C (Matrix) structure involves employees reporting to both a functional manager and a project manager, leading to shared resources and authority. This fits the description.
- D (Composite) structure is a mix of different structures, which could be the case at a higher level but the immediate reporting structure described is matrix. Correct Answer: C) Matrix Question 8: A bridge upgrade project impacting a protected environment is approved. The sponsor wants to identify, monitor, and correct based on PESTLE factors. Which TWO impacts should the project manager consider as a direct result of this decision? A) Political (government regulations, environmental policies) B) Technological (new construction methods, materials) C) Economic (project costs, potential tourism impact) D) Social (public opinion on environmental impact, community disruption) E) Legal (permits, environmental regulations, potential lawsuits) Rationale: The decision directly involves environmental concerns and government approval, making political and legal factors immediately relevant. Economic impacts (project costs, potential tourism changes due to environmental impact) are also closely tied. Social impacts (public opinion) are significant but less direct as a result of the
B) Mandate that all project plans follow a strict, detailed template. C) Supply templates, best practices, and train the new project managers on stakeholder engagement and plan structuring. D) Advise the junior PMs to seek mentorship from senior project managers outside the PMO. Rationale: A supportive PMO aims to empower project managers. Providing resources like templates and best practices, coupled with training, directly addresses the knowledge gaps and helps the junior PMs develop the necessary skills. Correct Answer: C) Supply templates, best practices, and train the new project managers. Company P's IT transformation project has three (3) deliverables, and they have the following characteristics, according to the project team:- Deliverable 2 has strictly scheduled milestones, with no expected variation in the timeline.- Requirements for deliverables 1 and 3 will change quickly during development. Which project life cycle should the project manager use for this project? - correct ans- - Select a hybrid project model; position deliverable 2 as a single waterfall phase embedded in an overall agile project. A company is struggling to define the scope of a new project that has multiple phases with a high level of dependency between the phases. How should the project manager approach this challenge? - correct ans- - Work with project stakeholders to recommend an iterative approach that will then help to define the project's scope. Which of the following is not a PESTLE factor? - correct ans- - Effectiveness An emergency vaccine roll-out project should be deployed to vaccination centers as soon as confirmed locations are booked. Factors such as delayed batch shipments, safety protocols, and target age groups may block the deployment at the last minute. However, the deployment process does NOT vary after passing the tollgate to begin setup at a new location.Which project approach would best support the goal of maximizing the number of centers deployed? - correct ans- - A set of predictive deployment sequences embedded in a set of agile processes.
Early in the establishment of the project, the project manager spends time looking for historical data that might be helpful in planning the new project. She is looking for examples of project documents in similar projects that have been completed that she might be able to use as templates for the new project. She is also looking for information about established processes and procedures that will help the project run more smoothly.What is the term used to define these? - correct ans- - OPAs A project manager experienced in predictive methods is taking on an agile project for the first time. To help in making a successful transition, the project manager makes a list of situations that may arise from inadequate action as a servant leader.Which three situations would be on this list? (Choose THREE.) - correct ans- - A. Team members avoid taking on challenging tasks. B. Team members avoid direct communication with other departments. E. Project stakeholders' express skepticism of agile methods. On an agile project, minor impediments may interfere with or slow down day-to-day progress. Which tool or practice can be used to bring attention to those impediments on a regular basis? - correct ans- - Daily standups A company executive who is not a key project stakeholder of a project has expressed continued interest and opinions directly to the project team. The key stakeholders are becoming annoyed and perceive the executive to be interfering and causing unwanted noise, but the project team finds the executive's inputs helpful.What should the team do first? - correct ans- - Discuss what should happen at the next retrospective. A company is using a predictive approach for the development of a particular component as defined in the scope management plan. Due to regularly changing regulatory requirements, the development team has requested to utilize agile approaches.What should the project manager do about the development team's request? - correct ans- - Analyze the requirements that will need to be addressed under the requested method A project manager implemented an approved change to manage a risk. Three (3) months after the implemented change, the project manager learns that the change did NOT produce the desired result, instead producing negative consequences.How can
A new product development project is to be initiated in a difficult business context. Competition is driving prices down, and supply costs are rising.Why would an agile incremental project approach be the safest choice in this context? - correct ans- - It accelerates the delivery of business value and minimizes the risk of irrelevancy. A project manager realizes that stakeholder interests will conflict on a project and decides to utilize a stakeholder engagement assessment matrix. The matrix pinpoints an influential stakeholder who is resistant to the project. The project manager needs to align this stakeholder's expectations with the goals of the project.How can the project manager accomplish this goal? - correct ans- - Produce a stakeholder engagement plan. A project team with members from many different countries is struggling to cooperate. The project manager accepted these difficulties during the storming phase of team development, but the team has not moved to the next phase. The project is beginning to fall behind schedule.What can the project manager do to move the team to the norming phase? - correct ans- - Plan social activities to help foster stronger interpersonal relationships and identify shared goals. A project manager developing an updated mobile app for a bank has been informed that some of the requirements have changed due to new compliance law that just passed. What should the project manager do first? - correct ans- - Assess the impact. A project involves six different companies, and the project sponsor is a global organization. At the midpoint of the project, the project manager learns that one stakeholder is experiencing difficulties and CANNOT provide their former level of involvement.The project manager needs to __________ and then __________. (Fill in the blanks with the correct pair of answers.) - correct ans- - mitigate the risk; update the stakeholder engagement plan During requirement gathering interviews with customer support team members, there is a common thread that managers do not listen to them, value them, or empathize with challenges they face. How would emotional intelligence training help in this situation based on these findings? - correct ans- - Allows managers and team members to be aware of each others' emotions.
Two (2) users complained during the project's user acceptance stage, saying that their expectations were NOT met. How could the project manager avoid this issue in the future? - correct ans- - Enable efficient stakeholder management What is a document that outlines how the team will operate and work together? - correct ans- - Team charter A project to replace an important legacy system in the organization will be challenging because it is integrating systems from six different countries. The tight schedule timeline would mean that the project should get compliance approval in the very 1st submission.What should the project manager do to obtain early warning of potential non-compliance? - correct ans- - Implement internal testing and validation before final approval. You are working in an Agile environment and helping a project team in creating the team charter.What tools would the project manager suggest to successfully guide the team in this task? (Choose three) - correct ans- - A. Brainstorming. B. Negotiation skills. C. Ethics. A project manager is managing a construction project that is facing challenges. There is schedule overrun, cost overrun, and the client is unhappy with the specific scope progress.What should the project manager do first? - correct ans- - Review the scope and project objectives. The product owner is unsure on how to participate in an iteration review session. What should the project manager do? - correct ans- - Coach the product owner on how to contribute in the session. A supplier for a major on-site event on a military base is going to meet the onsite client personnel to determine the logistics. One of the supplier team members advises the project manager to offer the host of the event tickets to a music concert coming up in the city.What should the project manager be concerned about? - correct ans- - This
A financial tool that calculates the present value of all cash outflows minus the present value of all cash inflows is referred to as which of the following? - correct ans- - Net present value For this project, the team may develop its own set of operating procedures and operate outside the standard formalized reporting structure during the project. What organizational structure does this represent? - correct ans- - Composite Which of the following statements most reflects the approach of servant leadership? - correct ans- - Lead by supporting the team needs. A new team member has joined the project. Another project team member who is mentoring the new team member shares a team charter. Which of the following are part of an effective team charter?(Choose two.) - correct ans- - A. Shared values D. Conflict resolution The product owner is responsible for evaluating and providing the greatest business value and Return on Investment (ROI) to the organization.What tools should the product owner use to achieve this objective? - correct ans- - Product backlog. A project to increase aircraft capacity is complete and the product has been accepted. The project sponsor would like to know how and when the project has met the benefits outlined in the project.To what document should the project management refer? - correct ans- - Benefits management plan You are working on a software upgrade project. After some deliverables were accepted, the customer had additional items to add to the scope. The project team does not understand how to proceed.What document should the project manager look into to help the team? - correct ans- - Scope management plan A project manager needs to ensure that the team delivers business value within the required timelines. The project manager recently learned that key stakeholders are worried that the current release plan will NOT meet urgent business needs. How can the project manager effectively respond to stakeholder concerns? - correct ans- - Consult
with the stakeholders and team members to identify the minimum viable product (MVP) needed for launch. What are the rules about the length of a Sprint? - correct ans- - 1 - 4 weeks Project A is developing a customer service prototype for a company's marketing department. The customer stakeholder group includes franchise owners and direct customers of the company. The prototype scores 95% on fulfilment of the functional requirements defined in the scope, which is a passing score in the project's agreed quality metrics.The franchise group is unwilling to approve the prototype since it does NOT fulfill a particular functional requirement, but the direct customer group gives approval.How can the project manager handle communication with this diverse stakeholder group? - correct ans- - Thank the customers for their approval; review the WBS and verify the requirements documentation with the franchise group. Which of the following is not a reason that PMI publishes a Code of Ethics? (Choose two.) - correct ans- - A. Set expectations for the project manager and the team. D. Provide specific guidance on conflict resolution. The marketing project team at ESQ wants to start using agile tools in their project to increase visibility and to track their progress as they perform tasks.What does the project team use to serve this purpose? - correct ans- - Kanban board A project manager joins a project team, replacing a manager who left. During initial meetings, the project manager realized that the team members have differing opinions about how to address technical decisions. Team members did NOT respect each other's ideas, and the environment was becoming counterproductive. However, now with the new manager's leadership, the team has begun to communicate more effectively and develop some processes and procedures for working together.In what phase of development is the team now? - correct ans- - Norming Which of the following should be included in a project charter? (Choose two.) - correct ans- - A. Measurable objectives C. Key stakeholders list
In a large organization, who is responsible for managing the governance of projects? - correct ans- - The PMO. Review the following characteristics of a project meeting led by a project manager:- Project manager reviews charter for high-level milestone schedule.- Reviews EEFs and OPAS.Utilizes expert judgment, historical information, and meetings with stakeholders.- Determines how to define and sequence activities and build a gantt chart.What document will be the result of this meeting? - correct ans- - Schedule management plan. Which of the following are methods to prioritize project objectives and deliverables? (Choose two.) - correct ans- - A. Paired Comparisons D. MSCW (Moscow) Analysis You inform the project sponsor that the project management plan will continuously increase in level of detail as the project moves forward. In project management, what is this process known as? - correct ans- - Progressive elaboration Company G has a goal of increasing customer satisfaction within four (4) months and initiates a project to meet this goal. The project manager needs to identify best practices.Which method should the project manager use to accomplish this? - correct ans- - Benchmarking A project manager in a virtual team realizes, during the third iteration of product development, that the team dashboard that shows progress on work is faulty and is NOT showing updates.Which action should the project manager take? - correct ans- - Get the dashboard fixed. What is the purpose of decomposing the project work into a hierarchical WBS structure? - correct ans- - To create smaller more manageable chunks, which can be better estimated for cost, time, and resources, and help control the project. Which of the following should be included in a Communications Plan? (Choose two.) - correct ans- - A. How and when team meetings are run.
D. Preferred communications approaches with external stakeholders. During a meeting, a key customer expresses that one of the deliverables is not related in any way to the goals and objectives of the project. The sponsor asks the project manager to supply the document that links requirements to their origin, tracks them throughout the project life cycle, and tracks them in relation to goals and objectives.What document should the project manager refer the key stakeholder to? - correct ans- - Requirements traceability matrix Which of the following is not a benefit of planning for a Minimum Viable Product? - correct ans- - Project team disbands early A project manager is working with a customer's team on a new project. Some product definitions and requirements are still not clear, but the customer wants to start activities as soon as possible. The organization is also expecting product delivery for a specific date due to a regulatory requirement. Due to the nature of the project, the project manager has decided to use a hybrid approach.Why did the project manager choose a hybrid approach? - correct ans- - A hybrid approach will allow for management of the requirement uncertainties as well as the date restriction. A project manager is compiling the following: Accuracy of the activity duration estimates. Units of measure to use for the activity schedule. Rules of performance measurement to be used. Schedule performance control thresholds. What document is the project manager compiling? - correct ans- - Schedule management plan. Every time boxed iteration in the project has a demo scheduled at the end during the iteration review session. What is the goal of this demo? - correct ans- - To solicit feedback from the product owner and other stakeholders. The volunteering team members were getting ready to get started with the fundraising for an educational initiative. A key stakeholder asked the project manager for the starting dates of several interrelated activities.What document will the project manager refer to find this information? - correct ans- - Project schedule.
A customer has informed the project manager that one of the team members who is required to complete the work on a deliverable has mentioned about a vacation plan during an informal conversation. The project manager identified another team member and their role as R in a RACI chart.What should the team member understand from this situation? - correct ans- - The team member is responsible for the activity's execution. Which of the following are components of a project agreement? (Choose two.) - correct ans- - A. Pricing and payment terms B. Incentives and penalties Which of the following is the best approach to estimating effort? - correct ans- - The work is estimated by the people who will be asked to do it. A project manager is uncertain about the duration of a project for a new product and consults several groups of subject matter experts (SMEs). The first group advises that development can be finished in 40 days. The second group identifies some risks that could make the duration up to 60 days. The third group proposes a new development method that can shorten the time to 20 days. What is the estimated development duration for the new product? - correct ans- - 40 days A project is running behind on schedule. The project manager decides to crash the project. What document would the project manager update? - correct ans- - Project staff assignments. The project manager is using a Kanban board to monitor the project's activities and development in a project using the Scrum approach. What technique would the project manager employ? - correct ans- - Pull an item from the previous stage of development into the next. Changes and new requirements are coming in from the product owner and the project team is tasked with making decisions about activities, risks, estimates and other challenges concerning these new requests. What tools might the team use as disagreements and conflicts begin to occur? (choose two) - correct ans- - A. Fist of five. B. Planning poker.
Review the following project characteristics: A project is approved by the sponsor. The project manager completes defining the scope. The PM invites the team to determine deliverables, relevant tasks, and assignees to the tasks so they can be tracked. What is the final output of this effort? - correct ans- - Work breakdown structure (WBS) dictionary. A key stakeholder would like to review the deliverables, tasks in the project, and who is assigned to the tasks. The project manager indicated she will send the document soon. Who would the project manager invite to the meetings to complete this document? - correct ans- - Project team members. A hybrid virtual reality project is running an agile software track and a predictive electronics track. Halfway into the project, delays are accumulating due to misaligned deliverable releases between the two tracks. Which two elements should the project manager combine to produce a common network diagram? (Choose TWO). - correct ans- - A. Definition of Ready with dependency milestones D. Definition of Done with exit criteria During sprint planning, some new backlog items are prioritized but NOT estimated. The product owner requires a new set of tests to verify the unique properties of the items.What should happen before adding it to the sprint backlog? - correct ans- - Add the relevant acceptance criteria in the Definition of Ready before estimating. A merger of two companies results in combining an agile software project and a predictive electronics project into a single hybrid project. Two months later, requirements have changed in both tracks but NEITHER has a full picture on status or importance of the requirements.How can the project manager best resolve the problem? - correct ans- - Create a requirements traceability matrix by combining the product backlog with the requirements specification and define both documents as input. As part of a product development, the key stakeholders held a meeting and decided that a contentious but important part of the project must be outsourced because there
