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PLS 211 Midterm Exam Study Guide, Exams of Nursing

Messiah CollegeNursing

PLS 211 Midterm Exam Study Guide

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 10/09/2024

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[Date]
PLS 211 Midterm Exam
Study Guide
Chapter One – The Spirit of American Politics
Key Terms:
•Pluralism
•Elite Theory
•Social Movement Theory
•Institutions
•Government
1. Where does pluralism say influence is displayed in government?
A. religious groups
B. interest groups
C. political groups
D. unions
2. Where does elite theory place political power?
A. status based on economic influence and religious
background B. status based on economic influence and leadership position
C. status based on economic influence and academic background
D. status based on economic influence and party affiliation
3. Which of the following movements was an example of social movement theory?
A. Tea Party
B. Occupy Wall Street
C. civil rights movement
D. all of the above
4. What is a republic?
A. a system of government that rests ultimate governing power in its people, who may rule directly or
via representatives
B. a system of government that rests most governing power in the elite selected for authority based
on obtaining superior education
C. a system of government that rests none of the governing power in its people but instead allows a
single individual to exercise sole political control to ensure the well-being of all people
D. all of the above
5. What does the political term institutions mean?
A. organizational establishments
B. the organizations, norms, and rules that structure political action
C. the mindsets of a political environment
D. the establishments of the political elite
6. Which of the following is an example of an institution?
A. Congress
B. Red Cross
C. Occupy Wall Street
D. all of the above
7. What defines government?
A. informal and formal organizations that make decisions for the whole
society B. formal organizations that make decisions for the whole society
C. public and private partnership to make decisions for the whole society
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PLS 211 Midterm Exam

Study Guide

Chapter One – The Spirit of American Politics Key Terms:

  • Pluralism
  • Elite Theory
  • Social Movement Theory
  • Institutions
  • Government
  1. Where does pluralism say influence is displayed in government? A. religious groups B. interest groups C. political groups D. unions
  2. Where does elite theory place political power? A. status based on economic influence and religious background B. status based on economic influence and leadership position C. status based on economic influence and academic background D. status based on economic influence and party affiliation
  3. Which of the following movements was an example of social movement theory? A. Tea Party B. Occupy Wall Street C. civil rights movement D. all of the above
  4. What is a republic? A. a system of government that rests ultimate governing power in its people, who may rule directly or via representatives B. a system of government that rests most governing power in the elite selected for authority based on obtaining superior education C. a system of government that rests none of the governing power in its people but instead allows a single individual to exercise sole political control to ensure the well-being of all people D. all of the above
  5. What does the political term institutions mean? A. organizational establishments B. the organizations, norms, and rules that structure political action C. the mindsets of a political environment D. the establishments of the political elite
  6. Which of the following is an example of an institution? A. Congress B. Red Cross C. Occupy Wall Street D. all of the above
  7. What defines government? A. informal and formal organizations that make decisions for the whole society B. formal organizations that make decisions for the whole society C. public and private partnership to make decisions for the whole society

D. none of the above Chapter Two – Political Culture and Ideology (The Ideas that Shape America)

  1. The widespread belief that the United States is a land of opportunity and that individual initiative and hard work can bring economic success is called A. the democratic consensus. B. majority rule. C. nationalism. D. the rule of law. E. the American Dream.
  2. American political culture includes all of the following EXCEPT A. liberty B. economic equality C. self-government D. economic individualism E. equal opportunity
  3. A nation’s political culture is comprised of A. widely shared beliefs toward government. B. shared values of how citizens relate to government. C. shared values of how citizens relate to one another. D. widely shared behavior toward government. E. All of the above
  4. A person who believes that government needs to intervene to correct the defects of capitalism is likely to be a A. liberal. B. traditional conservative. C. socialist. D. social conservative. E. libertarian.
  5. Today, traditional conservatives tend to be opposed to all of the following EXCEPT A. antitrust legislation. B. environmental regulations. C. trade regulations. D. lower taxes. E. financial market regulation. Chapter Three – The Constitution Key Terms:
  • Separation of powers
  • Checks and balances
  • Judicial review ( Marbury v Madison )
  • Originalist approach
  • Adaptive/Evolutionary approach
  • Direct democracy
  • Representative democracy
  • Federalists (what they stood for and/or name them)
  • Anti-federalists (see above)
  • Articles of Confederation
  • Great Compromise
  • Three-fifths compromise 1.The nation with the oldest constitution still in use is A. the United States of America.

B. Zimbabwe.

new country apart.

D. all states currently had their own bill of rights. E. that they felt any disagreement about rights would be covered by decisions by the Supreme Court.

  1. In 1789, during the ratification process, the Constitution A. did not include a bill of rights. B. called for a unicameral Congress. C. incorporated a clause to give equal protection under the law. D. was widely supported by the Antifederalists. E. created a system in which the president would have all the power in the federal government.
  2. Which article of the Constitution establishes a bicameral Congress? A. Article 1 B. Article 2 C. Article 3 D. Article 4 E. Article 5
  3. The Constitution divided power between the state and national governments. This division of power is called . A. constitutionalism B. separation of powers C. federalism D. unitarianism E. bipartisanship
  4. The distribution of constitutional authority among the three branches of the national government is known as A. bicameralism. B. federalism. C. divided government. D. autocracy. E. separation of powers.
  5. Marbury v. Madison (1803) is a landmark Supreme Court case because it A. established national supremacy. B. set the precedent for judicial review. C. defined the scope of state powers. D. affirmed the “necessary and proper” clause. E. outlawed segregation.
  6. How many states must ratify an amendment to the Constitution? A. One-half B. Two-thirds C. Three-fourths D. All the states E. All the states and the District of Columbia
  7. The adaptive approach to constitutional interpretation A. would likely enhance the authority of the president. B. forces constitutional change to occur only through constitutional amendments. C. has been ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. D. makes the judiciary a more powerful actor in American politics. E. All of the above

A. reserve powers. B.federal mandate.

C.concurrent powers. D.national supremacy. E.preemption.

  1. The attempt to return many functions of government to the state level has been called A. a return to state control. B. an evolution revolution. C. a devolution revolution. D. a return to separation of powers. E. contract with America.
  2. In this system of government, a constitution vests all governmental power in the central government. A. Federal B. Unitary C. Constitutional D. Socialistic E. Confederation
  3. federalism stresses federalism as a system of intergovernmental relationships in delivering governmental goods and services to the people. A. Dual B. Cooperative C. Coercive D. Competitive E. Permissive
  4. implies that although federalism provides a sharing of power and authority between the national and state government, the states’ share rests upon the consent and willingness of the national government. A. Dual federalism B. Cooperative federalism C. Marble cake federalism D. Competitive federalism E. Permissive federalism
  5. This clause in the Constitution gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state. A. Business clause B. Economic clause C. Commerce clause D. Monopoly clause E. State-to-state clause
  6. The process by which an alleged criminal is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed is called A. full faith and credit clause. B. extradition. C. interstate immunity. D. transfer protocol. E. None of the above
  7. Republicans continue to urge control on most issues. A. federal B. federal and state C. state and local

A. federal B. federal and state C. state and local D. federal and local Chapter Five – Civil Liberties Key Terms:

  • Selective incorporation
  • Free exercise clause
  • Establishment clause (Lemon test)
  • Clear and present danger test
  • Miller or SLAPS test
  • Prior restraint
  1. are the constitutionally protected freedoms of all persons against governmental restraint: the freedoms of conscience, religion, and expression. A. Civil rights B. Civil liberties C. Due process rights D. Bill of Rights E. Free exercise rights
  2. Libel, obscenity, fighting words, and commercial speech are examples of A. prior restraint. B. bad tendency test. C. clear and present danger test. D. non-protected speech. E. preferred position doctrine.
  3. Which amendment protects persons from being compelled to testify against themselves in criminal prosecutions? A. Fourteenth B. Fourth C. First D. Third E. Fifth
  4. The process by which provisions of the Bill of Rights are brought within the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment and so applied to state and local government is known as A. blanket incorporation. B. retroactive incorporation. C. proactive incorporation. D. selective incorporation. E. prescript incorporation.
  5. Originally, the Bill of Rights was intended to limit the power of governments. A. state B. local C. national D. both the state and national

E. foreign

C. Affirmative action D. Civil Rights E. Naturalization

  1. What landmark ruling prohibited racially segregated public schools and subsequently struck down most of the devices that state and local authorities had used to keep African Americans from voting? A. Boumediene v. Bush B. Gitlow v. New York C. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka D. Romer v. Evans E. Griswold v. Connecticut
  2. Women won the right to vote with the ratification of what amendment? A. Sixteenth B. Thirteenth C. Nineteenth D. Fifteenth E. Fourteenth
  3. is a test applied by the court when a classification is based on race; the government must show that there is a compelling reason for the law and no other less restrictive way to meet the interest. A. Rational basis B. Strict scrutiny C. Heightened scrutiny D. Suspect class E. Legitimate basis
  4. is a test that has been applied when a law classifies based on sex; to be upheld, the law must meet an important government interest. A. Rational basis B. Strict scrutiny C. Heightened scrutiny D. Suspect class E. Legitimate basis 6.Which standard was developed by the courts to test the constitutionality of a law that differentiates based on age? A. Rational basis test B. Due process test C. Equal protection test D. Strict scrutiny test E. Habeas corpus test
  5. Legislation designed and enacted in 1965 that was to ensure that no person would be deprived of the right to vote in any election for any office because of color or race was the A. Civil Rights Act. B. Voting Registration Act. C. Voting Rights Act. D. Election Reform Laws. E. Equal Rights Amendment.
  6. In , the Supreme Court endorsed the view that racial segregation did not constitute discrimination if equal accommodations were provided for the members of both races. A. Smith v. Allwright B. Plessy v. Ferguson

E. Griswold v. Connecticut

  1. were state laws that were used throughout the South requiring public facilities and accommodations to be segregated by race. A. Separate but equal laws B. Equal segregation laws C. Segregation reform laws D. Jim Crow laws E. Restrictive covenants
  2. In what case did the Supreme Court rule the California plan unconstitutional because it created a quota—a set number of admissions from which whites were excluded solely because of race? A. University of California Regents v. Bakke B. Plessy v. Ferguson C. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka D. Romer v. California E. Griswold v. Connecticut Supreme Court Cases: You will be asked to briefly summarize five cases. The summary should include the Constitutional question raised by the case as well as a brief summary of the majority opinion of the Court. You will be able to select the five cases from the list below on the exam. For help in studying these cases, please visit www.oyez.org. You can search by case name and you will see a brief summary including the Constitutional question and decision of the Court. Example: Snyder v. Phelps (2010) Constitutional question – are the actions of the Westboro Baptist Church, which protested at a military funeral, protected by the First Amendment? Majority Decision: Yes, because the church followed all applicable laws, remained peaceful during their demonstrations and raised issues of public debate including gays in the military. Free Speech Brandenburg v Ohio (1969) Miller v California (1973) National Socialist Party v Skokie (1977) Texas v. Johnson (1989) Snyder v Phelps (2010) Right to Bear Arms D.C. v Heller (2008) McDonald v Chicago (2010) Establishment Clause Everson v Board of Education (1947) Lemon v Kurtzman (1971) Free Exercise Clause Cantwell v Connecticut (1940) Burwell v Hobby Lobby Stores (2014) Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd. v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission (2018)

Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania (2020) Search and Seizure