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plate tectonics and earthquakes, Lab Reports of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences

The title "Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes" indicates a topic that explores the relationship between the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates and the occurrence of earthquakes. It suggests a focus on how the forces associated with plate motion—such as compression, tension, and shearing—generate the stresses that lead to seismic activity. The title implies a discussion of the mechanisms behind earthquakes, the locations where they are most likely to occur, and potentially the different types of earthquakes and their associated magnitudes.

Typology: Lab Reports

2024/2025

Available from 06/21/2025

titus-kandagor
titus-kandagor 🇺🇸

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Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes Lab
Activity 1. Plate boundaries,
earthquakes, volcanoes
The maps on the right illustrate the major features
on the ocean floor (the mid-ocean ridge and
trenches), and the global distributions of
earthquakes and volcanoes.
In the top figure on the right, the ocean “spreading
centers” (the mid-ocean ridge) are indicated with
solid bold lines while the trenches are represented
by bold triangles.
1. Are earthquakes common
near ocean “spreading centers”
(the mid-ocean ridge)? (Compare the top and
middle figures)
________________________ (Yes/No)
2. Are earthquakes common
near ocean trenches? (Compare the top and
middle figures)
________________________(Yes/No)
3. Are active volcanoes common
near ocean trenches? (Compare the top and
bottom figures)
________________________(Yes/No)
4. What do we call the chain of volcanic mountains
and islands around the edge of Pacific Ocean? (See
the bottom figure)
________________________
a. The Himalayas b. The Ring of Fire
c. East Pacific Rise d. Hot spot
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Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes Lab

Activity 1. Plate boundaries,

earthquakes, volcanoes

The maps on the right illustrate the major features on the ocean floor (the mid-ocean ridge and trenches), and the global distributions of earthquakes and volcanoes.

In the top figure on the right, the ocean “spreading centers” (the mid-ocean ridge) are indicated with solid bold lines while the trenches are represented by bold triangles.

  1. Are earthquakes common near ocean “spreading centers” (the mid-ocean ridge)? (Compare the top and middle figures) ________________________ (Yes/No)
  2. Are earthquakes common near ocean trenches? (Compare the top and middle figures) ________________________(Yes/No)
  3. Are active volcanoes common near ocean trenches? (Compare the top and bottom figures) ________________________(Yes/No)
  4. What do we call the chain of volcanic mountains and islands around the edge of Pacific Ocean? (See the bottom figure)

a. The Himalayas b. The Ring of Fire c. East Pacific Rise d. Hot spot

Activity 2. Plate Boundaries

There are three types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent and transform. These plate boundaries explain the distribution of the major features (landforms) of the ocean floor (rift valley, new ocean floor, ocean ridge, volcanic island arc, continental volcanic arc, trench, fault, fracture zone) major internal processes (earthquakes, volcanoes) and the mountain ranges on the continents (such as the Himalayas).

A. Divergent Plate Boundary

  1. Which way do the plates move at divergent plate boundaries? a. toward each other b. apart from each other c. slide past each other
  2. The landforms (features) formed at divergent plate boundary in the ocean floor include a. rift valley and trench b. ocean ridges and volcanic arcs c. rift valley and ocean ridges d. trench and volcanic arc
  3. Which is an example of landform created at divergent plate boundary? a. Mount Everest b. Mid Atlantic Ridge c. Cascade Mountains d. Hawaii
  1. The earthquakes that occur at oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundary are a. Shallow and small b. deep and large c. shallow and large d. deep and small

13 Two features (landforms) formed at the oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary are a. rift valley and trench b. ocean ridges and volcanic arcs c. trench and continental arc d. island arc and trench

  1. Which one is an example of the features formed by oceanic-continental convergence? a. Mariana Islands b. Andes Mountains c. San Andreas Fault d. Japan
  2. The earthquakes that occur at oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary are a. Shallow and small b. deep and large c. shallow and large d. deep and small
  3. Which of the following is a feature (landform) formed at the continental-continental convergent plate boundary? a. rift valley b. uplifted mountains c. continental arc d. trench
  4. Which one is an example of the landform created by continental-continental convergence? a. Andes Mountains b. Himalayas c. Aleutian Islands d. Hawaii
  5. The earthquakes that occur at continental-continental convergent plate boundary are a. shallow and small b. deep and large c. shallow and large d. deep and small

C. Transform Plate Boundary

  1. Which way do plates move at transform plate boundary? a. toward each other b. apart from each other c. slide past each other
  2. Which are two features (landforms) formed at transform plate boundary? a. rift valley and trench b. ocean ridges and volcanic arcs c. trench and continental arc d. faults and fracture zones
  3. Which one is an example of the landforms formed at transform plate boundary? a. Cascade Mountains b. San Andreas Fault c. Mariana Trench d. Hawaii
  4. The earthquakes at transform plate boundary are than those at convergent. a. shallower and larger b. deeper and larger c. shallower and smaller d. deeper and smaller
  5. Based on what is illustrated in the diagram below, what direction is the Pacific Plate moving towards? What about the North American Plate? (N = North, S= South, E = East, W = West) a. NW, SE b. NE, SW c. SE, NW d. SW, NE

Activity 3 Hot Spot Volcanism (Intraplate Volcanoes)

Hot spots are not located at a plate boundary but are areas where volcanic eruption occurs on the plate as the result of the interaction between the moving plate and a stationary source of magma (mantle plume).

  1. Which of the following are two features (landforms) formed at hot spots on the ocean floor? a. island arc and trench b. rift valley and fault c. volcanic island and seamount d. continental arc and fracture zone
  2. The name of the magma source for the hot spot (intraplate) volcanism is a. asthenosphere b. mantle plume c. magma chamber d. lithosphere