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Plan 101 Final Exam: Questions and Answers on Urban Design and Social Life, Exams of Nursing

Emory University Nursing

A comprehensive set of questions and answers covering key concepts in urban design and social life, focusing on the work of kevin lynch, jane jacobs, and oscar newman. It explores themes such as mental mapping, urban renewal, public space, and the social life of cities, offering insights into the relationship between urban design and social dynamics.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/15/2025

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plan 101 final exam Questions and answers

Newest RATED A+

kevin II!lynch II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-wrote II!"the II!image II!of II!the II!city"

-illustrated II!elites' II!perception II!of II!chaos II!in II!congested II!and II!heterogeneous II!neighborhoods

-mental II!maps, II!imagibility

II!imagibility II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-kevin II!lynch II!found II!that II!physical II!environment II!creates II!5 II!types II!of

II!experience: II!edges, II!paths, II!districts, II!landmarks, II!and II!nodes

-the II!more II!obvious II!these II!elements II!are, II!the II!more II!of II!this II!it II!has

II!edges II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-boundaries II!between II!two II!areas; II!can II!disrupt II!or II!differentiate

-ex. II!an II!elevated II!highway II!in II!boston II!(disrupt)

-ex. II!chicago II!lakefront II!(differentiate)

II!paths II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!streets II!and II!walkways II!- II!places II!of II!movement

II!districts II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-sections II!of II!the II!city II!with II!a II!clear II!identity

-ex. II!civic II!center II!and II!fashion II!district II!in II!los II!angeles

II!nodes II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-places II!where II!activity II!is II!concentrated, II!often II!with II!a II!theme

II!landmarks II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-physical II!reference II!points

-ex. II!citgo II!advertising II!sign II!in II!boston

Partial preview of the text

Download Plan 101 Final Exam: Questions and Answers on Urban Design and Social Life and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

plan 101 final exam Questions and answers

Newest RATED A+

kevin II!lynch II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-wrote II!"the II!image II!of II!the II!city"

illustrated II!elites' II!perception II!of II!chaos II!in II!congested II!and II!heterogeneous II!neighborhoods
mental II!maps, II!imagibility II!imagibility II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-kevin II!lynch II!found II!that II!physical II!environment II!creates II! 5 II!types II!of II!experience: II!edges, II!paths, II!districts, II!landmarks, II!and II!nodes
the II!more II!obvious II!these II!elements II!are, II!the II!more II!of II!this II!it II!has II!edges II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-boundaries II!between II!two II!areas; II!can II!disrupt II!or II!differentiate
ex. II!an II!elevated II!highway II!in II!boston II!(disrupt)
ex. II!chicago II!lakefront II!(differentiate) II!paths II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!streets II!and II!walkways II!- II!places II!of II!movement II!districts II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-sections II!of II!the II!city II!with II!a II!clear II!identity
ex. II!civic II!center II!and II!fashion II!district II!in II!los II!angeles II!nodes II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-places II!where II!activity II!is II!concentrated, II!often II!with II!a II!theme II!landmarks II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-physical II!reference II!points
ex. II!citgo II!advertising II!sign II!in II!boston

II!mental II!maps/cognitive II!mapping II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-any II!two II!inhabitants II!of II!the II!same II!city II!can II!have II!strikingly II!different II!mental II!maps II!of II!their II!city II!- II!maps II!are II!based II!on II!physical II!and II!social II!characteristics

different II!images II!of II!what II!is II!desirable/dangerous/etc. II!can II!have II!very II!significant II!consequences: II!african II!americans II!have II!historically II!moved II!to II!white II!areas, II!whites II!have II!often II!left, II!and II!segregation II!continues II!jane II!jacobs II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-brought II!a II!new II!perspective II!to II!urban II!design II!at II!the II!height II!of II!urban II!renewal II!and II!public II!housing II!programs: II!a II!perspective II!based II!on II!experience II!rather II!than II!abstract II!ideals, II!and II!the II!experience II!of II!a II!woman
the II!attitude II!of II!planners II!was II!relative II!to II!medieval II!practice II!of II!draining II!blood II!to II!treat II!disease II!→ II!modern II!designers II!were II!replacing II!'congestion' II!with II!emptiness, II!making II!cities II!lifeless II!and II!dangerous
it II!wasn't II!income II!or II!race II!that II!was II!causing II!high II!crime II!areas, II!but II!it II!was II!design ---older II!neighborhoods II!were II!being II!torn II!down II!and II!were II!now II!empty, II!which II!gave II!places II!for II!criminals II!to II!be
argues II!that II!safety II!in II!public II!space II!is II!a II!function II!of II!how II!buildings II!relate II!to II!the II!street, II!and II!the II!uses II!that II!filled II!them
favored II!strict II!demarcation II!and II!proximity II!between II!public II!and II!private II!space II!- II!it's II!where II!they II!ooze II!that II!public II!space II!becomes II!unsafe II!eyes II!on II!the II!street II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!for II!buildings II!to II!have II!doors II!and II!windows II!directly II!onto II!the II!street, II!this II!provides II!informal II!surveillance II!oscar II!newman II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!crime II!prevention II!through II!environmental II!design II!(developed II!jane II!jacob's II!ideas II!further) II!the II!social II!life II!of II!the II!city II!- II!ways II!city II!life II!can II!mimic II!gemeinschaft II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!- gemeinschaft II!- II!quality II!of II!life II!in II!a II!rural II!society
people II!will II!take II!ownership II!of II!a II!specific II!place II!in II!the II!city

social II!change II!is II!often II!violent II!but II!can II!take II!many II!forms, II!does II!not II!always II!have II!to II!be II!violent II!herbert II!gans II!- II!the II!levittowners II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-talks II!about II!suburbs II!- II!assumption II!about II!suburbs II!was II!that II!they II!were II!boring II!places II!withoutII!social II!life
he II!went II!to II!a II!levittown II!in II!new II!york II!and II!found II!that II!there II!was II!actually II!vibrant II!social II!life
suburban II!areas II!on II!the II!whole II!are II!as II!diverse II!as II!cities II!are, II!but II!being II!more II!spread II!out, II!exposure II!to II!different II!environments II!isII!less II!spontaneous
emphasis II!on II!private II!over II!public II!space, II!with II!resulting II!lack II!of II!the II!social II!life II!one II!finds II!in II!many II!cities II!charles II!montgomery II!- II!the II!broken II!social II!scene II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-talks II!about II!the II!breakdown II!of II!social II!life II!in II!a II!lot II!of II!suburban II!areas
have II!less II!time II!to II!socialize II!if II!you II!are II!spending II!a II!lotII!of II!time II!commuting
focuses II!on II!commuting II!and II!other II!aspects II!of II!sprawl II!that II!have II!contributed II!to II!the II!breakdown II!of II!life
sort II!of II!a II!response II!to II!herbert II!gans II!- II!no II!longer II!true II!today II!because II!of II!the II!time II!people II!have II!to II!dedicate II!to II!transportation II!urban II!vs. II!rural II!culture II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-urban II!is II!more II!dominant
urban II!tends II!to II!favor II!innovation
urban II!isII!specialized
urban II!isII!more II!hierarchical
urban II!isII!dependent II!on II!trade
urban II!isII!more II!representative II!of II!a II!nation II!asII!a II!whole II!civic II!culture II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-urban II!societies II!are II!associated II!with II!rapid II!change II!from II!generation II!to II!generation: II!in II!terms II!of II!technology, II!work, II!lifestyle, II!expectations, II!ethics II!and II!norms, II!etc.

thus II!civilizations II!have II!been II!largely II!encapsulated II!by II!their II!urban II!centers: II!rome II!in II!rome, II!islam II!in II!damascus/baghdad/cairo, II!etc. ---these II!placesII!take II!on II!great II!symbolic II!importance II!ming II!beijing II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-15th II!c. II!beijing II!reflected II!the II!politics II!and II!religion II!of II!chinese II!civilization, II!with II!city II!at II!center II!of II!the II!cosmos, II!situated II!in II!the II!north II!of II!the II!country II!as II!north II!star II!presided II!over II!the II!sky
entire II!city II!built II!on II!metaphors II!of II!power, II!harmony, II!and II!security II!5th II!c. II!BCE II!athens II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-in II!5th II!c. II!BCE, II!the II!success II!of II!merchant II!class II!led II!to II!a II!brief II!period II!of II!limited II!democracy, II!coincided II!with II!a II!civicII!culture II!stressing II!individual II!enrichment, II!consequent II!burst II!of II!intellectual II!and II!artistic II!creativity
difference II!in II!civic II!culture II!between II!athens II!and II!beijing II!evident II!in II!form II!of II!city: II!the II!former II!was II!chaotic, II!dotted II!with II!monuments II!open II!to II!the II!public, II!while II!the II!latter II!was II!highly II!organized, II!arranged II!around II!a II!single, II!all-important II!spiritual II!idea II!capitalism II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-economic II!and II!political II!system II!in II!which II!production II!controlled II!by II!private II!interests II!for II!personal II!profit
since II!the II!early II!modern II!period, II!this II!has II!come II!to II!dominate II!urban II!(and II!thus II!the II!wider) II!culture II!in II!the II!west
economic II!interests II!(specifically II!the II!accumulation II!of II!wealth II!viaII!participation II!in II!the II!market) II!have II!come II!to II!dominate II!and II!organize II!our II!lives II!engels II!on II!industrialization II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-industrialization II!put II!the II!capitalism II!shift II!into II!overdrive
he II!saw II!industrialization II!reducing II!lives II!to II!the II!value II!of II!the II!wealth, II!labor, II!or II!skills II!(relevant II!in II!the II!market II!skills) II!they II!could II!provide II!communist II!alternatives II!- II!china's II!transition II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-from II!1949, II!china II!moved II!to II!a II!planned II!economy II!- II!in II!the II!1950s II!millions II!of II!rural II!peasants II!collectivized II!to II!encourage II!steel

botswana II!stands II!out II!from II!many II!countries II!in II!Africa II!because II!its II!wealth II!of II!natural II!resources II!has II!not II!led II!to II!corruption II!- II!leadership II!there II!has II!focused II!on II!fighting II!corruption II!and II!using II!natural II!resources II!to II!invest II!in II!infrastructure ---gaborone, II!the II!capital, II!is II!one II!of II!africa's II!most II!successful II!cities II!boston, II!minneapolis, II!and II!milan II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-these II!cities II!do II!not II!have II!the II!resources II!of II!a II!national II!capital, II!but II!they II!do II!thrive II!on II!attracting II!smart, II!creative II!people
new II!england II!is II!a II!region II!with II!few II!natural II!resources II!(aside II!from II!fish, II!stocksII!of II!which II!are II!depleted), II!but II!its II!first II!european II!settlers II!established II!a II!focus II!on II!higher II!education II!that II!to II!this II!day II!attracts II!students II!from II!around II!the II!world. II!Boston II!thrived II!as II!a II!center II!of II!international II!trade II!in II!the II!18th II!century
emphasis II!on II!education II!- II!has II!allowed II!cities II!to II!bounce II!back II!from II!being II!just II!an II!industrial II!center II!vancouver II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-glaeser II!attributes II!the II!success II!of II!this II!city II!to II!its II!focus II!on II!maintaining II!abundant II!urban II!amenity II!and II!a II!high II!quality II!of II!life
consumer-oriented II!city
its II!planning II!encourages II!access II!to II!open II!spaces, II!the II!preservation II!of II!dramatic II!vistas, II!convenient II!mixed-use II!neighborhoods, II!and II!access II!to II!public II!transportation
the II!city II!also II!received II!a II!boost II!from II!china's II!absorption II!of II!hong II!kong, II!which II!caused II!thousands II!of II!high-skilled II!families II!to II!move II!to II!canada II!atlanta, II!chicago II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-two II!growth II!machines
chicago's II!pro-development II!attitude II!and II!established II!business II!sectors II!have II!saved II!it II!from II!fate II!of II!other II!rust II!belt II!cities; II!it II!is II!an II!affordable II!alternative II!to II!new II!york II!or II!san II!francisco
glaeser II!doesn't II!really II!mention II!that II!chicago II!is II!two II!cities: II!one II!a II!shrinking II!failing II!rust II!belt II!city II!and II!the II!other II!a II!wealth, II!growing II!global II!city
focus II!on II!a II!lot II!of II!housing II!and II!office II!space II!- II!a II!more II!affordable II!option II!compared II!to II!cities II!on II!the II!coast

II!social II!stratification II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-people II!occupy II!different II!places II!in II!a II!social II!hierarchy II!that II!affects II!their II!quality II!of II!life II!- II!health, II!access II!to II!jobs, II!income, II!schooling, II!housing, II!etc. II!

is II!spatial II!too: II!geography II!impacts II!school II!choice, II!exposure II!to II!risk, II!etc.
has II!been II!extensive II!ever II!since II!urbanization II!began, II!and II!while II!it II!exists II!within II!rural II!societies, II!it II!is II!associated II!with II!less II!disparity II!there
refers II!to II!the II!hierarchical II!division II!within II!a II!society II!of II!various II!groups II!according II!to II!wealth, II!power, II!and II!prestige
strata II!can II!overlap II!strongly II!with II!gender, II!race, II!ethnicity, II!religions, II!and II!other II!social II!categorizations II!marx II!on II!stratification II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!argued II!that II!there II!were II!essentially II!two II!social II!strata: II!capitalists II!and II!workers, II!and II!that II!the II!former II!had II!so II!much II!advantage II!that II!conflict II!was II!inevitable II!weber II!on II!stratification II!- II!class, II!status, II!social II!power II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-saw II!stratification II!as II!simplistic, II!arguing II!class II!was II!more II!continuous II!than II!categorical
in II!addition II!to II!income, II!he II!also II!considered II!status II!(prestige) II!and II!social II!power II!(the II!ability II!to II!shape II!one's II!own II!life II!and II!others' II!lives II!too) II!socioeconomic II!status II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-refers II!to II!one's II!position II!within II!this II!hierarchy
describes II!where II!people II!fall II!on II!the II!strata II!(race, II!gender, II!class, II!etc.) II!w. II!llyod II!werner II!- II!class-consciousness II!in II!the II!US II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-theorized II!that II!Americans II!had II!a II!consciousness II!of II!six II!different II!classes, II!given II!the II!way II!they II!compared II!themselves II!to II!others II!(upper II!upper, II!lower II!upper, II!upper II!middle, II!lower II!middle, II!upper II!lower, II!and II!lower II!lower) II!- II!some II!of II!these II!groups II!are II!small, II!while II!others II!are II!quite II!large
first II!to II!study II!class-consciousness II!in II!the II!US II!- II!surveyed II!americans II!and II!asked II!them II!which II!classes II!they II!were II!conscious II!of II!upper II!upper II!& II!lower II!upper II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!***5% II!- II!old/new II!money, II!highly II!segregated
children II!are II!usually II!privately II!educated, II!and II!households II!often II!have II! 2 II!or II!more II!homes

the II!highest II!quintile II!of II!income II!earners II!in II!the II!US II!possesses II!over II!half II!of II!the II!total II!wealth, II!while II!the II!lowest II!quintile II!possesses II!a II!little II!over II!3%
the II!lowest II!quintile II!in II!Canada II!possesses II!a II!similar II!share II!of II!that II!country's II!wealth, II!the II!highest II!quintile II!possesses II!about II!40% II!of II!the II!wealth
in II!the II!US, II!those II!living II!within II!metropolitan II!areas II!but II!outside II!of II!central II!cities II!are II!on II!average II!the II!best II!off, II!while II!incomes II!in II!central II!cities II!are II!slightly II!higher II!than II!those II!in II!rural II!areas II!wealth II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-wealth II!refers II!to II!assets II!(housing, II!cars, II!savings, II!etc.) II!or II!financial II!assets II!(all II!marketable II!assets II!minus II!owner-occupied II!housing)
homeownership II!isII!the II!single II!largest II!component II!of II!wealth II!for II!the II!majority II!of II!US II!households, II!explaining II!why II!the II!US II!government II!has II!made II!homeownership II!a II!central II!component II!of II!economic II!policy II!since II!the II!1930s
also II!explains II!why II!so II!many II!families II!are II!highly II!susceptible II!to II!crises II!in II!the II!housing II!and II!mortgage II!markets II!poverty II!in II!the II!US II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-generally II!different II!across II!racial II!groups, II!higher II!in II!rural II!cities II!than II!in II!suburbs
has II!to II!do II!with II!middle II!and II!upper II!class II!preferences II!for II!suburban II!homes, II!historical II!government II!bias II!towards II!encouraging II!homeownership II!and II!investment II!in II!suburbs II!over II!cities, II!discrimination, II!historical II!reservations II!among II!many II!whites II!aboutII!living II!in II!proximity II!to II!minorities, II!the II!consequent II!flight II!of II!white II!households II!and II!wealth II!to II!suburbs, II!and II!resulting II!segregation II!and II!discouraged II!social II!mobility II!for II!minority II!groups
immigrants II!to II!the II!US II!and II!Canada II!are II!diverse II!in II!terms II!of II!race, II!ethnicity, II!and II!class II!gentrification II!(freeman) II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-movement II!of II!higher-income II!population II!into II!area II!of II!lower II!incomes, II!resulting II!physical/social II!changes
advantages: II!grocery II!stores II!(amenities) II!nearby, II!don't II!have II!to II!travel II!as II!far
disadvantages: II!displacesII!homeowners II!due II!to II!higher II!property II!values
associated II!with II!demographic II!trends: II!rising II!incomes, II!a II!rise II!in II!single-person II!households, II!a II!rise II!in II! 25 - 39 II!year II!olds, II!drop II!in II!the II!numbers II!of II!children, II!and II!in II!many II!placesII!a II!rising II!white II!population II!and II!shrinking II!minority II!population

II!herbert II!gans II!- II!urban II!villagers II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!urban II!working II!class II!neighborhoods II!were II!traditionally II!very II!close-knit II!urban II!communities, II!as II!many II!more II!people II!there II!developed II!friendships II!through II!institutions II!or II!businesses II!close II!to II!home II!such II!as II!churches II!and II!social II!clubs II!homelessness II!in II!US II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-growing II!problem II!in II!the II!US: II!housing II!types II!such II!as II!single-room II!occupancy II!hotels II!were II!targeted II!for II!decades II!as II!sources II!of II!crime, II!or II!redeveloped II!during II!urban II!renewal II!(in II!the II!'50s II!and II!'60s)

more II!likely II!to II!be II!veterans, II!be II!mentally II!or II!physically II!disabled, II!and II!victims II!of II!domestic II!violence II!underground II!economy II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-'off II!the II!books' II!economy: II!in II!some II!cities II!around II!the II!world, II!this II!constitutes II!a II!majority II!of II!economic II!activity
residents II!lack II!education II!or II!language II!skills II!necessary II!to II!participate II!in II!many II!sectors II!of II!the II!economy, II!many II!are II!the II!working II!poor, II!but II!suffer II!very II!high II!rates II!of II!unemployment II!→ II!often II!participate II!in II!this II!economy II!to II!make II!a II!living II!upper, II!middle, II!lower, II!and II!working II!class II!neighborhood II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-wealthy II!generally II!tend II!to II!settle II!in II!newer, II!elite II!sections II!of II!suburbs II!compared II!to II!being II!more II!concentrated II!in II!cities II!like II!before
upper II!class II!Americans II!are II!highly II!segregated II!almost II!always II!living II!among II!other II!people II!much II!like II!themselves
most II!middle II!class II!Americans II!live II!in II!suburbs; II!their II!proportion II!was II!far II!higher II!in II!central II!cities II!in II!the II!mid-20th II!century, II!but II!is II!seeing II!a II!resurgence II!there II!with II!gentrification II!that II!has II!to II!do II!with II!changing II!demographics II!and II!preferences, II!giving II!rise II!to II!terms II!such II!as II!dinks, II!yuppies, II!buppies, II!and II!bobos
lower II!middle/working II!classes II!are II!largely II!gone, II!along II!with II!the II!cultural II!diversity II!that II!they II!had II!brought II!with II!them II!push-pull II!factors II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-cities II!have II!always II!lured II!immigrants, II!from II!their II!rural II!hinterlands II!and II!from II!abroad II!based II!on II!things II!that II!push II!them II!(violence, II!famine, II!lack II!of II!opportunity II!in II!home II!country) II!and II!pull II!factors II!(destination II!is II!safer)

II!chattel II!slavery II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-people II!treated II!as II!personal II!property, II!passed II!down II!from II!generation II!to II!generation

system II!in II!the II!rural II!southeast II!of II!North II!America II!in II!the II!17th II!and II!18th II!centuries II!great II!migration II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-the II!movement II!of II!African-Americans II!from II!rural II!areas II!to II!urban II!areas
increasing II!violence II!in II!the II!post-reconstruction II!era II!and II!declining II!work II!opportunities II!in II!agriculture II!initiated II!this II!movement II!to II!US II!cities II!jim II!crow II!laws II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-the II!growing II!presence II!of II!African-Americans II!in II!southern II!cities II!led II!to II!the II!adoption II!of II!these II!laws
de II!jure II!segregation II!of II!public II!facilities II!and II!in II!some II!cases II!residential II!areas
the II!methods II!of II!segregation II!undertaken II!in II!the II!north II!were II!also II!used II!nationwide, II!and II!remain II!problematic II!to II!this II!day II!de II!jure II!segregation II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-legal II!segregation: II!segregation II!by II!laws
related II!terms: II!redlining, II!racial II!covenants II!de II!facto II!segregation II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-occurring II!segregation: II!can II!make II!laws, II!but II!can't II!change II!people's II!thoughts II!about II!segregation; II!naturally II!occurs
related II!terms: II!blockbusting, II!charter/magnet II!schools, II!racial II!steering II!blockbusting II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!investors II!would II!spread II!rumors II!in II!white II!neighborhoods II!of II!black II!move-in II!so II!they II!would II!cause II!panic II!and II!people II!would II!sell II!really II!low II!racial II!steering II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!real II!estate II!brokers II!guide II!prospective II!home II!buyers II!towards II!or II!away II!from II!certain II!neighborhoods II!based II!on II!their II!race

II!white II!flight II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!principal II!means II!of II!maintaining II!segregation II!in II!US II!since II!civil II!rights II!movement, II!more II!and II!more II!white II!households II!nowadays II!are II!open II!to II!living II!in II!diverse II!communities II!but II!that II!hasn't II!always II!been II!the II!case II!black II!flight II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-process II!currently II!occurring II!in II!many II!northern II!cities, II!they II!were II!extremely II!segregated II!after II!white II!flight

job II!opportunities II!also II!left II!so II!these II!urban II!areas II!lost II!more II!and II!more II!of II!their II!middle II!class II!african II!american II!residents II!index II!of II!dissimilarity II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!a II!tool II!for II!measuring II!the II!relative II!separation/integration II!of II!groups II!in II!a II!city II!urban II!renewal II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!federal II!program II!that II!lasted II!from II! 1949 II!to II! 1972 II!that II!provided II!federal II!funds II!for II!slum II!clearance II!and II!remaking II!landscape II!of II!many II!american II!cities II!and II!neighborhoods II!redlining II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-a II!lending II!institution II!deems II!a II!certain II!neighborhood II!"too II!risky" II!to II!invest II!in II!because II!of II!factors II!like II!race II!and II!ethnicity
the II!federal II!gov II!had II!enormous II!influence II!in II!biasing II!lenders II!against II!particular II!neighborhoods II!(generally II!minority)
caused II!people II!of II!means II!to II!abandon II!cities, II!while II!making II!older II!areas II!riskier II!and II!riskier II!places II!for II!investment II!
consequence II!= II!areas II!that II!were II!already II!suffering II!suffered II!more II!racial II!covenants II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-prohibit II!a II!buyer II!of II!property II!from II!reselling, II!leasing, II!or II!transferring II!the II!property II!to II!members II!of II!a II!given II!race, II!ethnic II!origin, II!and/or II!religion
enforceable II!in II! 1948 II!and II!prohibited II!in II! 1968 II!exclusionary II!zoning II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-prohibiting II!the II!construction II!of II!multi- family/rental/smaller II!housing II!affordable II!to II!lower-income II!populations

II!assimilation II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!loss II!of II!cultural II!distinctiveness II!hispanic II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-a II!person II!of II!Spanish-speaking II!culture II!or II!origin, II!regardless II!of II!their II!race II!or II!ethnicity

may II!also II!identify II!as II!white, II!black, II!native II!american, II!mixed II!race, II!or II!other II!latino II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!latin II!american II!origin II!chicano II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!someone II!of II!mexican II!origin II!- II!today II!constitute II!11% II!of II!the II!US II!populations II!and II!over II!63% II!of II!the II!hispanic II!population II!religious II!minorities II!in II!the II!US II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-historically II!included II!catholics II!(Aye), II!jews, II!muslims
faced II!discrimination II!in II!housing, II!hiring
face II!issues II!with II!profiling II!muslim II!americans II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!concentrated II!in II!urban II!areas II!and II!have II!bipolar II!employment II!distribution II!profiling II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-suspecting II!or II!targeting II!due II!to II!perceived II!characteristics II!of II!their II!group, II!rather II!than II!based II!upon II!individual II!actions
ex. II!muslim II!americans II!native II!americans II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-very II!large II!percentage II!live II!in II!rural II!areas
under II!1% II!of II!American II!population
distribution II!very II!uneven II!-- II!most II!in II!west II!and II!south, II!very II!few II!in II!NE II!and II!midwest

migration II!to II!metros II!was II!a II!combination II!of II!push-pull II!factors II!gender II!in II!cities II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-human II!societies II!were II!egalitarian II!than II!urban II!societies II!are II!today
women II!became II!associated II!with II!power II!and II!wealth
upper II!class II!and II!middle II!class II!women II!were II!not II!expected II!to II!work, II!whereas II!working II!class II!women II!have II!worked II!in II!textile II!industry II!("women's II!labor")
work II!experience II!is II!different II!across II!class II!lines
DOLORES II!HAYDEN II!"what II!would II!a II!nonsexist II!city II!looklike) II! ---suburbanization II!around II!nuclear II!family, II!making II!women's II!work II!(householding) II!very II!inefficient ---advocating II!for II!women II!to II!work II!together II!gendered II!space II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-women's II!use II!of II!public II!space II!has II!been II!and II!still II!is II!different II!from II!men's, II!have II!more II!concerns II!with II!security II!than II!men II!do
if II!a II!woman II!was II!not II!at II!home, II!she II!was II!expected II!to II!be II!doing II!household II!activities II!outside II!of II!the II!home
public II!realm II!is II!thought II!of II!as II!a II!place II!for II!men II!(this II!thought II!not II!as II!common II!nowadays) II!jane II!addams II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-pioneered II!the II!US II!settlement II!house II!movement II!(hull II!house)
made II!a II!significant II!impact II!on II!the II!course II!of II!social II!and II!economic II!development II!and II!was II!the II!first II!woman II!to II!win II!a II!nobel II!peace II!prize II!settlement II!house II!movement II!- II!hull II!house II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-jane II!addams
provided II!education II!and II!social II!services II!to II!newcomers II!to II!american II!cities
offered II!food, II!bathing II!facilities, II!a II!variety II!of II!classes, II!child II!care, II!a II!model II!for II!a II!movement II!that II!grew II!to II! 200 II!houses II!nationwide II!by II! 1920
advocated II!for II!child II!labor II!laws, II!occupational II!safety II!laws II!and II!compulsory II!education, II!served II!as II!a II!center II!of II!women's II!activism

racial II!characteristics II!and II!other II!neighborhood II!characteristics II!guided II!them II!where II!it II!supported II!lending II!and II!construction II!- II!thus II!disparities II!between II!different II!areas II!(between II!urban II!and II!suburban, II!black II!and II!white) II!worsened. II!GI II!Bill II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!postwar II!bill II!that II!provided II!loans II!to II!veterans II!for II!housing II!and II!establish II!businesses II!housing II!act II!of II! 1949 II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!provided II!federal II!funds II!for II!slum II!clearance II!and II!initiated II!urban II!renewal II!blight II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-destroys, II!prevents II!growth, II!or II!causes II!devaluation
subjective II!term
throughout II!the II!period II!of II!urban II!renewal
what II!made II!a II!neighborhood II!"blighted" II!was II!up II!to II!local II!politicians II!eminent II!domain II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-comes II!from II!5th II!amendment II!of II!constitution II!
urban II!renewal II!went II!to II!supreme II!court II!in II!1950, II!said II!it II!was II!okay II!based II!on II!5th II!amendment
power II!of II!the II!government II!to II!take II!private II!property II!and II!convert II!it II!into II!public II!use II!if II!they II!provide II!compensation II!section II! 8 II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-vouchers II!that II!are II!given II!to II!people II!who II!then II!have II!a II!variety II!of II!options II!in II!renting II!privately II!built II!housing
developer II!will II!get II!a II!loan II!to II!build II!units II!dedicated II!to II!this
low II!income II!people II!can II!use II!these II!vouchers II!to II!get II!private II!housing II!foreclosure II!(2000s II!crisis) II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!repossession II!of II!property II!by II!lender II!or II!government II!for II!failure II!to II!pay II!mortgage II!or II!taxes II!on II!property

II!urban II!homesteading II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-cities II!can II!offer II!acquired II!properties II!to II!new II!owners II!for II!a II!token II!fee II!in II!exchange II!for II!rehabilitation

programs II!that II!reward II!residents II!occupation II!and II!rehabilitation II!(usually II!of II!city II!owned II!properties) II!in II!exchange II!for II!ownership II!sweat II!equity II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!an II!interest II!or II!increased II!value II!in II!a II!property II!earned II!from II!labor II!toward II!upkeep II!or II!restoration II!(ex. II!adding II!a II!porch II!to II!your II!house) II!habitat II!for II!humanity II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!a II!major II!nonprofit II!that II!provides II!affordable II!housing II!largely II!through II!sweat II!equity II!of II!volunteers II!land II!banking II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-term II!for II!acquiring II!managing II!and II!holding II!land II!for II!redevelopment
every II!city II!has II!one II!they II!hold II!onto II!until II!it II!can II!be II!sold II!to II!a II!developer II!gentrification II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-movement II!of II!wealthier II!households II!into II!low II!income II!areas II!and II!rehabilitation II!of II!low II!income II!property II!to II!suit II!newcomers' II!tastes
seen II!as II!an II!opportunity II!for II!investors II!to II!capitalize II!on II!a II!previous II!generation's II!deinvestment II!and II!flight, II!the II!conclusion II!to II!a II!process II!of II!'creative II!destruction.' II!new II!urbanism II!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-a II!trend II!in II!both II!urban II!and II!suburban II!development II!emphasizing II!a II!mixed II!use, II!mixed II!housing II!types, II!walkability, II!and II!connectivity
often II!associated II!with II!neo-traditional II!architectural II!styles II!hope II!VIII!- II! II!Correct II!Answers II! II! II! II! II!-funds II!private-public II!partnerships II!to II!demolish II!older II!high-rise II!housing II!projects II!and II!replace II!them II!with II!mixed-income II!housing II!according II!to II!traditional II!design II!principles
usually II!do II!not II!contain II!enough II!housing II!to II!rehouse II!everyone II!displaced II!from II!the II!demolished II!projects, II!and II!doesn't II!address II!the II!causes II!of II!poverty

Plan 101 Final Exam: Questions and Answers on Urban Design and Social Life, Exams of Nursing

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