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Correct Answers
During System Restoration, what is the optimal Frequency Range? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔59.
- 61 Hz The 500 kV system has normal bus voltages between? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔500 to 550 kV When Connecting 2 islands, the operator must match? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Voltage, Phase Angle and Frequency What are the Minimum Source Requirements for a 500kV line? (Gen/mile and load/mile) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔30 MW Gen/mile of energized 500 kV and 20 MW Load/mile of energized 500 kV When will PJM issue a Minimum Generation Alert? (how many MW under normal operating limits) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔When expected generation levels fall within 2500 MW of normal operating limits When a thunderstorm is nearing the BES should auto-reclosing be turned on? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Yes What does SCADA stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition What does IROL stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit
What does eDART stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Dispatcher Application and Reporting Tool What is eDART used for? (Electronic Disp Reporting Tool) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔It is used for: Generation Outage Scheduling, Instantaneous Reserve Checks, Generator Reactive Capabilities and to enter and submit switching What direction do VARS flow? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔From HIGH Voltage to LOW Voltage What direction do MW flow? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔From HIGH Phase Angle to LOW Phase Angle Which of the following factors are NOT used in forecasting load?
- Weather Forecast
- Historical Load Forecast
- Historical Weather Data
- Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) Data - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 4 What one-way communication system is used to disseminate info to local call centers? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔All-Call The 3 categories of messages issued by PJM All-Call all EXCEPT:
- Operational
- Informational
- Conflicting Interchange Values
- Emergency Procedures - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 3
- Temperature
- Reactive Reserves
- Day of the week - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔1, 2, 4 During system restoration, what is the voltage range the system should be kept between? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔90% and 105% maintain voltage profile between for system restoration PJM will coordinate and direct all restoration lines of what voltage levels? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔500kV and above How much load would you dump to increase the frequency by 1 Hz (percentage range)? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔6-10% Generation is disconnected after 5 seconds, when the frequency: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Drops below 57.5Hz How much of the total Dynamic Reserve should be used on Under Frequency relay load? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ During System Restoration, capacitor banks should be kept off until how much of the load is restored? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔40% Would PJM assume Frequency Control when the control of an interconnected area is too burdensome for any Local Control Center? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Yes Operator receiving an All-Call message should state the following before playback of the message? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Name and Company
Dynamic Reserves consist of: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Governor Reserve and Load that has been restored with under frequency relays What would be the appropriate response to receiving a DC ground Alarm? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Advise substation personnel of the alarm during normal hours An islanded system has a load of 3000 MW. To increase frequency by 1 Hz, how much load should be shed? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔180 MW Which of the following actions would be used FIRST to control a reactive transfer limit violation? a) Place reactors in service b) Load offcost (out of merit) generation c) Issue load dump warning d) Modify firm transaction schedules - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔B When available primary reserve capacity on a system is less than the largest operating generator, or the loss of a transmission facility jeopardizes reliable operations, PJM should issue a: a) Manual load dump warning b) Maximum emergency generation c) Voltage reduction warning d) Primary reserve alert - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔A Increased load on a circuit causes lower voltage at the remote end. Which of the following will increase this voltage?
d) 1000 MW - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C Distribution factors are used to determine: a) The distribution of voltage levels on key lines b) The surge impedance loading of lines c) The impact of placing capacitor banks in or out of service d) How the flow of MW on a line will be redistributed upon its loss - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔D PJM has issued a heavy load voltage schedule. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate PJM member action in response to this alert? a) Ensure that all unit voltage regulators are in service b) Ensure that all unit voltage regulators are in manual mode c) Ensure that all reactors are out of service and available capacitors are in service d) Ensure that all units connected to the 500 kV system are operated so that reasonable MVAR reserve is maintained - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔B Which of the following reasons describes why opening a pre-studied EHV line has a positive effect in reducing system voltages?
- Eliminates the capacitance charging of the line
- Increases MW flow on other EHV lines, thereby reducing their MVAR output
- Eliminates circulating VARs on transformers
- Helps increase reactive import capability a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 4 only d) 3 and 4 only - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔A
During system restoration, an island requires 400 MW of dynamic reserve. The maximum load allowed with underfrequency relay protection enabled that can be counted as dynamic reserve is: a) 100 MW b) 200 MW c) 300 MW d) 400 MW - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔B What is the surge impedance loading on a typical 500 kV line? a) 230 MW b) 500 MW c) 750 MW d) 850 MW - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔D During system restoration, frequency has decayed for an islanded system to 59.05 Hz and is decaying rapidly. The operator should: a) Notify PJM and seek advice b) Call on additional generation c) Wait for the system to settle out d) Immediately shed load to recover the frequency - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔D If inclement weather postpones the start of a planned outage, the outage will: a) Be postponed indefinitely b) Be rescheduled as unplanned
When ordered, a 5% voltage reduction should be taken on: a) The 230 kV system b) The 500 kV system c) The distribution system d) Predetermined tie lines - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C During initial transmission system restoration, shunt capacitor banks are removed from service to prevent which of the following? a) High loads b) Low voltage c) High voltage d) Low loads - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C If a member detects or suspects actual or attempted sabotage on the bulk power system, they should
- Notify PJM immediately
- Notify SECON immediately
- Notify DOE within one hour
- Notify National Guard within one hour a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 4 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 3 and 4 only - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C
To avoid cancellation, transmission outages that are less than 5 days in length and may result in congestion should be submitted to PJM: a) 7 days prior to the outage b) 30 working days prior to the outage c) Before the first day of the week prior to the outage d) Before the first day of the month prior to the outage - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔D Two Transmission Owners (TOs) interconnect during a system restoration. TO A has restored 600 MW of load. TO B has restored 2000 MW of load. Following the interconnection, which of the following statements is true? a) TO A and TO B both control frequency b) TO A and TO B both control tie line flow c) Both TOs control frequency and tie line flow d) One TO controls tie line flow and the other TO controls frequency - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔D Which of the following are monitored during system restoration?
- quick start reserves
- synchronized reserves
- operating reserves
- dynamic reserves a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only
a) Across the entire RTO on a load-ratio share basis b) Only in control zone(s) with a deficient energy position c) Only in the Mid-atlantic region d) Only where it will be effective to unload the transmission line - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔B During system restoration, one means of keeping frequency above 59.5 Hz is to activate which of the following? a) Synchronized reserves b) Dynamic reserves c) Secondary reserves d) Shared reserves - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔A During system restoration, one means of strengthening and stabilizing an interconnected area is: a) Closing additional tie lines b) Implementing additional transactions c) Implementing emergency procedures d) Loading maximum emergency generation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔A In cases where a data point ID fails for an extended period of time, the system operator will manually update the value: a) Every 15 minutes b) Every 30 minutes
c) Every hour d) Every 4 hours - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔B For the System shown below, if Line D were to be removed from service what would the new flow be on Line B? a) 200 MW b) 340 MW c) 560 MW d) 600 MW - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔B Will higher ambient temperatures raise or lower the ratings of equipment on the BES? Why? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Lower ratings because of less ability to dissipate heat When severe weather is expected, PJM may take all actions EXCEPT: A) Request reclosing to be put into service B) Defer maintenance to critical BES facilities C) Initiate conservative operations D) Shedding load - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔D What instability is characterized by continued oscillations over a long period of time? A) Oscillating B) Transient C) Dynamic
- Status of auto voltage regulator
- Expected duration of change
- Transformer tap change position
- eDART reporting a) 1 & 2 b) 1 & 3 c) 1 & 4 d) 2 & 3 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔A What would affect Transmission Cables but not overhead transmission lines?
- Earthquakes
- Oil pumps that have lost electrical power
- VAR charging on lines
- Ferranti rise - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 2 What transformer rating would be the highest?
- OA
- FA
- OA/FA
- OA/FA/FA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 4 What would cause PJM to require that a Generator Reactive Capability test should be re- scheduled?
- If it occurs during peak hours
- If it occurs during non-peak hours
- If there are actual violations that cannot be mitigated
- If there are any other outages planned - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 3 True or False: TOs can place a caps back in service or request additional MVARs from a generator that is running slightly below its voltage schedule without PJM permission - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔True Members should avoid scheduling outages during Peak Periods (Jan 1st to Feb 15th and June 15th to August 31st) if the outage is expected to which of the following (pick 3):
- Have a duration of more than 30 days with 2 days restoration 2) Result in stability issues
- Results in LMP values to decrease
- Bottle generation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔1, 2, 4 What is a device that can impact voltage changing by the flow of real power on a line and adjacent lines?
- Capacitor
- Reactor
- Phase Angle Regulator
- Apparent Power - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 3 Companies can request info on outages of facilities that they do not own but affect their system. Which mechanism would you use to request this information?
True or False: Reactive resources 230kV and below can be switched without PJM notification - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔False: 138 kV and below A generator just completed its Reactive Capability test and has recorded its reactive capability data. What should it do now?
- Notify GO and TO via eTERM
- Notify PJM and TO via eDART
- Notify PJM and TO via eTERM
- Notify GO and TO via eDART - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 2 What is true concerning a voltage collapse scenario?
- Small changes in the MW flows or loading, result in large voltage changes
- Large changes in the MW flows or loading, result in small voltage changes
- Small changes in the MW flows or loading, result in small voltage changes
- Large changes in the MW flows or loading, result in large voltage changes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 1 All are Characteristics of "Bottom-Up multiple island" method EXCEPT:
- Faster restart of specific generation
- Less stability due to smaller size of islands
- Relies on Eastern Interconnection for support
- Allows for restoration of several areas at the same time - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 3 How often should a member transmission company file an updated restoration report?
- 15 minutes or every 10 lines restored
- 15 minutes or every 5 lines restored
- 30 minutes or every 10 lines restored
- 30 minutes or every 5 lines restored - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 3 True of False: During a System Restoration, you come across a transmission line with both terminal breakers closed. The line is far removed from gen source. You should have field personnel check the relays at both terminals to determine if the line is faulted - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔True What is the most critical communication path when restoring large load blocks early in system restoration?
- Generation to Distribution
- Generation to Transmission
- Transmission to Distribution
- Transmission to Substations - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 2 True or False: Frequencies monitored during system restoration should come only one, centralized island - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔False, Each island created during the restoration What are some blackstart requirements (Pick 3)?
- Must have and maintain procedures
- Must be jointly owned between PJM and the GO
- Ability to maintain frequency under any load
- Ability to maintain voltage under any load
