Download Autonomic Nervous System Study Set Exam: Physiology Lecture 8 and more Exams Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Physiology Lecture 8- Autonomic
Nervous System Study Set Exam
autonomic nervous system - Answer the involuntary motor system of the body; autonomic refers to the effects of this system happening at a subconscious level; this system provides the innervations to the smooth muscle (found in walls of hollow organs), cardiac muscle, and most glands
dual innervation - Answer most organs are innervated by both branches of the ANS and can function in opposition or cooperatively; the purpose of this system is to maintain homeostasis
purpose of the autonomic nervous system - Answer to maintain homeostasis
parasympathetic - Answer predominates when the body is at rest; "housekeeping"; rest and digest; it maintains the normal functioning of the digestive, urinary, respiratory, reproductive systems
sympathetic - Answer predominates when the body is under stress; it increases its output to generate a fight or flight response that helps the body deal with stress
when the sympathetic branch increases its output - Answer the parasympathetic system decreases its output
preganglionic neuron - Answer first neuron that always originates in the CNS; its axon will typically meet the second neuron in an autonomic ganglion; originates from the lateral horns found in the thoracic and lumbar portions of the spinal cord (T1-L2)
postganglionic neuron - Answer second neuron that meets in the first
autonomic ganglion - Answer synapse where the preganglionic neuron meets the postganglionic neuron
thoracolumbar - Answer when the preganglionic neuron originates from the lateral horns found in the thoracic and lumbar portions of the spinal cord (T1-L2)
first pattern for the sympathetic nervous system - Answer 1. the preganglionic neuron's axon leaves the lateral horn and travels through the ventral root into the spinal nerve
- it goes through the white ramus into the sympathetic chain of ganglia, where it meets the postganglionic neuron
- within this chain, the axons can go up and down the chain, thus causing a widespread action that affects many organs at one time
- typically, the postganglionic neuron's axon leaves the chain through the gray ramus and enters the spinal nerve and then travels to the effector organ
second pattern for the sympathetic nervous system - Answer 1. the preganglionic neuron's axon enters the sympathetic chain of ganglia, but does not synapse here
- it continues through the splanchnic nerves (which extend from the front of the chain) to ganglia located in front of the spinal cord=collateral or prevertebral ganglia (3=celiac; superior and inferior mesenteric)
- the postganglionic neuron's axon goes to organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
third pattern for the sympathetic nervous system - Answer 1. the preganglionic neuron's axon enters the sympathetic chain of ganglia and continues through a splanchnic nerve to the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla
- there, the cells are stimulated to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream; these hormones target involuntarily controlled organs to enhance sympathetic activity
craniosacral division - Answer in the parasympathetic nervous system, the preganglionic neurons originate in either the brainstem or sacral spinal cord; thus it is referred to as
terminal ganglia - Answer located close to the organ; the preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons here
intramural ganglia - Answer located within the wall of the organ; the preganglionic neurons synapse with postsganglionic neurons here
oculomotor (III) - Answer in the brainstem, a cranial nerve that carries preganglionic neurons; goes to smooth muscle in the eye for changing pupil size and the shape of the lens (ciliary muscle, for focusing)
facial (VII) - Answer in the brainstem, a cranial nerve that carries preganglionic neurons; goes to 2 pairs of salivary glands
glossopharyngeal (IX) - Answer in the brainstem, a cranial nerve that carries preganglionic neurons; goes to a pair of salivary glands
vagus (X) - Answer in the brainstem, a cranial nerve that carries preganglionic neurons; goes to the organs of the thorax and abdomen (controls smooth muscles and glands); not pelvis
sacral spinal cord - Answer the preganglionic neurons originate in the lateral gray matter of this; the axons use the pelvic splanchnic nerves to get terminal or intramural ganglia of the organs in the pelvic cavity
cholinergic - Answer neurons that release acetylcholine
adrenergic - Answer neurons that release norepinephrine
acetylcholine - Answer released by all preganglionic neurons and all parasympathetic
