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Autonomic Nervous System Study Set Exam: Physiology Lecture 8, Exams of Physiology

A comprehensive study set for the autonomic nervous system, covering key concepts and definitions. It includes questions and answers related to the structure, function, and regulation of the autonomic nervous system, making it a valuable resource for students studying physiology. The dual innervation of organs, the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, neurotransmitters, and receptors involved in autonomic function.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/12/2025

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Physiology Lecture 8- Autonomic
Nervous System Study Set Exam
autonomic nervous system - Answer the involuntary motor system of the body;
autonomic refers to the effects of this system happening at a subconscious level; this
system provides the innervations to the smooth muscle (found in walls of hollow
organs), cardiac muscle, and most glands
dual innervation - Answer most organs are innervated by both branches of the ANS and
can function in opposition or cooperatively; the purpose of this system is to maintain
homeostasis
purpose of the autonomic nervous system - Answer to maintain homeostasis
parasympathetic - Answer predominates when the body is at rest; "housekeeping"; rest
and digest; it maintains the normal functioning of the digestive, urinary, respiratory,
reproductive systems
sympathetic - Answer predominates when the body is under stress; it increases its
output to generate a fight or flight response that helps the body deal with stress
when the sympathetic branch increases its output - Answer the parasympathetic system
decreases its output
preganglionic neuron - Answer first neuron that always originates in the CNS; its axon
will typically meet the second neuron in an autonomic ganglion; originates from the
lateral horns found in the thoracic and lumbar portions of the spinal cord (T1-L2)
postganglionic neuron - Answer second neuron that meets in the first
autonomic ganglion - Answer synapse where the preganglionic neuron meets the
postganglionic neuron
thoracolumbar - Answer when the preganglionic neuron originates from the lateral
horns found in the thoracic and lumbar portions of the spinal cord (T1-L2)
first pattern for the sympathetic nervous system - Answer 1. the preganglionic neuron's
axon leaves the lateral horn and travels through the ventral root into the spinal nerve
2. it goes through the white ramus into the sympathetic chain of ganglia, where it meets
the postganglionic neuron
3. within this chain, the axons can go up and down the chain, thus causing a widespread
action that affects many organs at one time
4. typically, the postganglionic neuron's axon leaves the chain through the gray ramus
and enters the spinal nerve and then travels to the effector organ
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Physiology Lecture 8- Autonomic

Nervous System Study Set Exam

autonomic nervous system - Answer the involuntary motor system of the body; autonomic refers to the effects of this system happening at a subconscious level; this system provides the innervations to the smooth muscle (found in walls of hollow organs), cardiac muscle, and most glands

dual innervation - Answer most organs are innervated by both branches of the ANS and can function in opposition or cooperatively; the purpose of this system is to maintain homeostasis

purpose of the autonomic nervous system - Answer to maintain homeostasis

parasympathetic - Answer predominates when the body is at rest; "housekeeping"; rest and digest; it maintains the normal functioning of the digestive, urinary, respiratory, reproductive systems

sympathetic - Answer predominates when the body is under stress; it increases its output to generate a fight or flight response that helps the body deal with stress

when the sympathetic branch increases its output - Answer the parasympathetic system decreases its output

preganglionic neuron - Answer first neuron that always originates in the CNS; its axon will typically meet the second neuron in an autonomic ganglion; originates from the lateral horns found in the thoracic and lumbar portions of the spinal cord (T1-L2)

postganglionic neuron - Answer second neuron that meets in the first

autonomic ganglion - Answer synapse where the preganglionic neuron meets the postganglionic neuron

thoracolumbar - Answer when the preganglionic neuron originates from the lateral horns found in the thoracic and lumbar portions of the spinal cord (T1-L2)

first pattern for the sympathetic nervous system - Answer 1. the preganglionic neuron's axon leaves the lateral horn and travels through the ventral root into the spinal nerve

  1. it goes through the white ramus into the sympathetic chain of ganglia, where it meets the postganglionic neuron
  2. within this chain, the axons can go up and down the chain, thus causing a widespread action that affects many organs at one time
  3. typically, the postganglionic neuron's axon leaves the chain through the gray ramus and enters the spinal nerve and then travels to the effector organ

second pattern for the sympathetic nervous system - Answer 1. the preganglionic neuron's axon enters the sympathetic chain of ganglia, but does not synapse here

  1. it continues through the splanchnic nerves (which extend from the front of the chain) to ganglia located in front of the spinal cord=collateral or prevertebral ganglia (3=celiac; superior and inferior mesenteric)
  2. the postganglionic neuron's axon goes to organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

third pattern for the sympathetic nervous system - Answer 1. the preganglionic neuron's axon enters the sympathetic chain of ganglia and continues through a splanchnic nerve to the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

  1. there, the cells are stimulated to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream; these hormones target involuntarily controlled organs to enhance sympathetic activity

craniosacral division - Answer in the parasympathetic nervous system, the preganglionic neurons originate in either the brainstem or sacral spinal cord; thus it is referred to as

terminal ganglia - Answer located close to the organ; the preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons here

intramural ganglia - Answer located within the wall of the organ; the preganglionic neurons synapse with postsganglionic neurons here

oculomotor (III) - Answer in the brainstem, a cranial nerve that carries preganglionic neurons; goes to smooth muscle in the eye for changing pupil size and the shape of the lens (ciliary muscle, for focusing)

facial (VII) - Answer in the brainstem, a cranial nerve that carries preganglionic neurons; goes to 2 pairs of salivary glands

glossopharyngeal (IX) - Answer in the brainstem, a cranial nerve that carries preganglionic neurons; goes to a pair of salivary glands

vagus (X) - Answer in the brainstem, a cranial nerve that carries preganglionic neurons; goes to the organs of the thorax and abdomen (controls smooth muscles and glands); not pelvis

sacral spinal cord - Answer the preganglionic neurons originate in the lateral gray matter of this; the axons use the pelvic splanchnic nerves to get terminal or intramural ganglia of the organs in the pelvic cavity

cholinergic - Answer neurons that release acetylcholine

adrenergic - Answer neurons that release norepinephrine

acetylcholine - Answer released by all preganglionic neurons and all parasympathetic