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Vision Physiology Exam: Questions and Answers, Exams of Physiology

A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to vision physiology. It covers key structures of the eye, their functions, and the process of phototransduction. Particularly useful for students studying anatomy, physiology, or related fields.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/12/2025

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Physiology Lecture 6- Vision Exam Latest
Update
fibrous layer - Answer outermost, avascular; sclera and cornea
sclera - Answer fibrous layer; tough, outer layer; white of the eye
cornea - Answer fibrous layer; anterior portion; transparent
vascular layer (uvea) - Answer middle layer; contains blood vessels; contains choroid,
ciliary muscle, and iris
choroid - Answer vascular layer; helps to nourish the inner layer of the eye
ciliary body - Answer vascular layer; produces aqueous humor; contains: ciliary muscle
and iris
ciliary muscle - Answer connected to the lens via the suspensory ligaments; function:
changes shape of the lens
lens - Answer used to focus the light on the retina
iris - Answer part of the ciliary body in the vascular layer; a pigmented, donut of muscle;
the hole=pupil; function: regulated the amount of light entering the eye using the
constrictor pupillae and dilator pupillae
retina - Answer innermost; two parts: contains the retinal pigmented epithelium and the
neural layer photoreceptors, fovea, and optic disk
retinal pigmented epithelium - Answer in the retina; next to the choroid; contains
melanin (a dark protein); function: absorbs light to prevent it from reflecting back
across the retina
neural layer - Answer in the retina; it is comprised of 3 layers: (1) inner layer of ganglion
cells, (2) middle layer of bipolar, amacrine, and horizontal cells, (3) outer layer of
photoreceptors; 2 types of photoreceptors: rods and cones= neurons involved with
phototransduction
photoreceptors - Answer rods and cones
rods and cones - Answer neurons involved with phototransduction
transduction - Answer the conversion of light energy to electrical energy
fovea - Answer indention in the retina; contains only cones, the area that has the best
visual acuity
optic disk - Answer in the retina; blind spot; no photoreceptors here
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Physiology Lecture 6- Vision Exam Latest

Update

fibrous layer - Answer outermost, avascular; sclera and cornea sclera - Answer fibrous layer; tough, outer layer; white of the eye cornea - Answer fibrous layer; anterior portion; transparent vascular layer (uvea) - Answer middle layer; contains blood vessels; contains choroid, ciliary muscle, and iris choroid - Answer vascular layer; helps to nourish the inner layer of the eye ciliary body - Answer vascular layer; produces aqueous humor; contains: ciliary muscle and iris ciliary muscle - Answer connected to the lens via the suspensory ligaments; function: changes shape of the lens lens - Answer used to focus the light on the retina iris - Answer part of the ciliary body in the vascular layer; a pigmented, donut of muscle; the hole=pupil; function: regulated the amount of light entering the eye using the constrictor pupillae and dilator pupillae retina - Answer innermost; two parts: contains the retinal pigmented epithelium and the neural layer photoreceptors, fovea, and optic disk retinal pigmented epithelium - Answer in the retina; next to the choroid; contains melanin (a dark protein); function: absorbs light to prevent it from reflecting back across the retina neural layer - Answer in the retina; it is comprised of 3 layers: (1) inner layer of ganglion cells, (2) middle layer of bipolar, amacrine, and horizontal cells, (3) outer layer of photoreceptors; 2 types of photoreceptors: rods and cones= neurons involved with phototransduction photoreceptors - Answer rods and cones rods and cones - Answer neurons involved with phototransduction transduction - Answer the conversion of light energy to electrical energy fovea - Answer indention in the retina; contains only cones, the area that has the best visual acuity optic disk - Answer in the retina; blind spot; no photoreceptors here

posterior cavity - Answer internal space behind the lens; contains the vitreous humor (a gelatinous mass to maintain spherical shape) anterior cavity - Answer internal space in front of lens; filled with aqueous humor; 2 parts: anterior and posterior chamber anterior chamber - Answer from the cornea to the iris posterior chamber - Answer from the iris to the lens light - Answer a form of energy; it exists as electromagnetic waves like radio waves, television waves, x-rays, etc; it can be reflected (bounced off the surface of) and refracted (bent) lenses - Answer they can be convex (cause light to converge at a focal point) or concave (cause light to diverge) accommodation - Answer the ability of the lens to change its shape (by the ciliary muscle) in order to change the angle of refraction of a light ray in order to see something close up emmetropic eye - Answer 20/20 vision clinical defects - Answer compare to the emmetropic eye, that is, near (with accommodation) or distant (without accommodation) the focal point will be on the retina myopia (near-sidedness) - Answer in this case, either the lens or the cornea are too bulged (strong) for the length of the eye; light rays are bent too much; to correct this, you use a concave lens hyperopia (far-sightedness) - Answer in this case, either the lens or the cornea are too weak for the length of the eye; light rays aren't bent enough; to correct this, you use a convex lens astigmatism - Answer irregularly shaped lens/cornea causing erratic refraction presbyopia - Answer hardening of the lens due to age cataract - Answer the lens or cornea becomes opaque; decrease in transparency glaucoma - Answer increased bulge of the cornea due to the increase of aqueous humor rhodopsin - Answer in the outer segment of the rods and cones; a photopigment; formed from retinal + opsin; 4 types: one type is found in the rods, 3 different types of opsin in 3 different types of cones dark phase - Answer 1. cGMP is high in the cell

  1. this opens Na+ channels in the membrane, causing the Na+ ions to move into the cell
  2. the cell is therefore depolarized