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Class: BIOL 2150 - PRINCIPLES OF PHYSIOLOGY; Subject: Biology; University: The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey; Term: Fall 2012;
Typology: Quizzes
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space between muscle fibers"endo" = within TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 is a sheath of connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles or fascicles. "peri" = around TERM 3
DEFINITION 3
DEFINITION 4
DEFINITION 5
DEFINITION 7 -isotropic-no myosin TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 -holds myosin together TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 -no actin TERM 10
DEFINITION 10
they are the cilia and flagella that contain myosin and actin TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 a type of protein found in muscles used for movement(only in skeletal andcardiac) TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 -myosin-actin TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 -troponin-tropomyosin TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 -titin-nebulin
DEFINITION 22 the sarcoplasm mitochondrion stores glycogen TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 -Ca++ binds to troponin-Uncovers binding site on actin- Activated myosin attaches- Myosin head flexes = sliding of actin toward M line TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 -Latent = (AP to onset of contraction)-Contraction-Relaxation TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 -speed to contractions of muscle fibers-height (force and strength)-duration
a way of avoiding fatigue by alternating motor units to allow some rest between contraction.prevents fatigue only in sub-maximal contractions TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 -the length at which you get max force TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 All muscles contain elastic fibers in the tendons and other connective tissue that attach muscles to bone, and in the connective tissue between muscle fibers. All of these elastic components behave collectively as if they were connected in a series to the contractile elements of the muscle. TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 Isomeric contraction is a type of contraction without a change in length of tendons, connective tissue, titin, etc. So they all are the same length.This isomeric contraction creates FORCE without movement. TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 A type of contraction without a change in force. aka remains the same tone throughout.Isotonic contraction is used to move loads
concentric means the shortening of muscles TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 Eccentric means the stretching of musclesif you contract at the same time you stretch it is bad TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 formed by bones and muscles around joints TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 the muscle is required to make large amounts of force to move or resis t a small load TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 -it maximizes speed and mobility-If the muscle is inserted farther from the joint, the leverage is better and a contraction creates more rotational force
slow twitch-oxidative-myoglobin (red muscle) TERM 47
DEFINITION 47 -fast twitch-oxidative TERM 48
DEFINITION 48 -fast twitch-glycolic-white muscle- high glycogen TERM 49
DEFINITION 49 -most muscles have all three in varying proportions-motor units only innervate one type-you can't change which one you genetically have more of-but with plasticity , endurance training can determine fiber composition TERM 50
DEFINITION 50 endurance athletesdistance runnerscross country
sprintersice hockeyweight lifters TERM 52
DEFINITION 52 increased growth in muscle fibers,increase in number of actin & myosin (sarcomeres); this is how muscles get bigger. -larger diameter TERM 53
DEFINITION 53 -muscle can split not divide 1) c TERM 54
DEFINITION 54 -lack of blood supply-muscle fibers get smaller-lack of nerve supply-immobility~ 1 year: muscle cells lose their actin/myosin & becomes fat. Longer than one year usually permanent damage. TERM 55
DEFINITION 55 -Inherited muscles are the most difficult to treat. -Duchenne: no dystrophin to link actin to proteins in the cell membrane; very bad!!-tiny tears in membrane allows extracellular Ca++ to leak into the fiber, leads to progressive muscle weakness.-Becker: Dystrophin malformed; membrane leaks out Ca++ and muscle deformed = fibrosis (scar tissue)
The slow wave membrane potential of a smooth muscle show the depolarization and re-polarization below threshold with occasional AP TERM 62
DEFINITION 62
DEFINITION 63 -Single Unit-Multi Unit TERM 64
DEFINITION 64 Tell the cerebellum and medulla the position of the body to keep posture/balance. TERM 65
DEFINITION 65 -in tendons
DEFINITION 67 they are standard muscle fibers ((aka not intrafusal muscle fibers)) TERM 68
DEFINITION 68 -skeletal muscle fibers that comprise the muscle spindle TERM 69
DEFINITION 69 -A stretch of a spindle apparatus leads to intrafusal stretch- this increases afferent impulses TERM 70
DEFINITION 70 a muscle contraction
an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. The word comes from Ionic Greek: -- "half- striking". ***does not effect the arms TERM 77
DEFINITION 77 -paralysis caused by illness or injury to a human that results in the partial or total loss of use of a ll their limbs and torso TERM 78
DEFINITION 78 Spasticity is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance in muscle tone involving hypertonia; it is also referred to as an unusual "tightness", stiffness, and/or "pull" of muscles. TERM 79
DEFINITION 79 is a clinical characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma). TERM 80
DEFINITION 80 -occurs when a given set of cells is repeatedly stimulated without complete relaxation
is the sustained contraction resulting from high frequency stimulation TERM 82
DEFINITION 82 they contract due to a response to Ach from a somatic motor neuron TERM 83
DEFINITION 83 multiple pathways influence contraction/relaxation TERM 84
DEFINITION 84 They relax when stimuli from contraction ceases TERM 85
DEFINITION 85 -multiple neurotransmitters-hormones-paracrinesall acting on a smooth muscle can inhibit it
no hormones do not control skeletal muscle contractions TERM 92
DEFINITION 92 cardiac and skeletal muscles have multiple layers of control TERM 93
DEFINITION 93 Yes, skeletal muscles have striated muscle tissue TERM 94
DEFINITION 94 skeletal muscles are under voluntary control TERM 95
DEFINITION 95 the somatic nervous system controlsskeletal muscles
cardiac muscles are involuntarily controlled TERM 97
DEFINITION 97 cardiac muscles ARE striated TERM 98
DEFINITION 98 cardiac muscles are found in the walls of the heartspecifically found in the myocardium TERM 99
DEFINITION 99 skeletal muscle fibers are multi nucleated cells TERM 100
DEFINITION 100 a basic rod like unit of muscle