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Material Type: Lab; Class: General Biology; Subject: Biology; University: Morehouse College; Term: Unknown 1989;
Typology: Lab Reports
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BIO 111 General Biology Peer-Lead Team-Learning (PLTL) Workshop 2 Physics and Chemistry of Life, Macromolecules: Lipids and Carbohydrates Methods of Science Revisited The first 90 minutes of each laboratory class meeting (in room 328 NMM) will consist of a PLTL workshop on subjects addressed in the lecture part of the course. These sessions are a required part of the course and will be conducted by a student peer-leader. Your laboratory class will immediately follow each PLTL workshop. The PLTL workshops will start at 13:00 (1:00 pm) and late arrivals will not be permitted. Laboratory will begin promptly at 14:30 (2:30 pm). Introduction Biology is a synthetic science in that it is built on the foundations and subject to processes of physics and chemistry. Understanding the ways in which living systems are constrained by the laws of physics can provide insights on the ways cells and organisms function. Similarly, living systems are coordinated chemical systems made of atoms and molecules that interact in predictable ways. All cellular life is made of four categories of organic molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Pre-Workshop Assignment Prior to your laboratory class meeting you should complete the questions given below and bring your completed work to your laboratory class meeting. Activity A. Define the following terms : Write your answers in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper and be prepared to submit them at the workshop meeting.
BIO 111 General Biology
BIO 111 General Biology Activity D. Fat City Lipids include a diverse group of organic compounds (including fats) that are similar in being hydrocarbons that are non-polar. What does “non-polar” mean and what characteristics make molecules non-polar? Name and describe three different functions that are served by molecules classified as lipids. Phospholipid molecules are lipids that have polar properties. Molecules of this type are the main structural components of all biological membranes, phopholipid bilayers. Draw a ball and stick diagram (in the box) of a generic phospholipid molecule. Show every atom and every chemical bond. If this molecule were placed in water, what part of the molecule would orient toward water molecules? What part of this is non-polar?
Activity 1. The Search For ET Work in groups of six to address the questions and write your responses on the chalkboard. The entire workshop group will then compare answers. Since 1965 when the first close range photographs were taken, NASA has been sending spacecraft to the planet Mars, in part, to search for evidence of life. No one expects to find macroscopic organisms or human-like evidence of life (trash dumps,
BIO 111 General Biology buildings, or footprints). The most recent Mars probes have looked for organic molecules that are unlikely to have formed in a non-living system.
BIO 111 General Biology peptides homologous to amyloid β proteins from patients with Alzheimer disease, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3363-6. Apr 91). This is really the first correlation between the presence of (beta- amyloid) in the brain and the loss of memory, said Rachael Neve, a molecular biologist at U. California at Irvine.” From “Clue to Loss of Memory in Alzheimer’s Reported.” New York Times 16 April 1991, p C10 (Associated Press).
BIO 111 General Biology Activity 4. Orbitals and Reactivity Work in groups of six. Each group will draw the names of six elements from the “big- bang box”. Each member of your group will address the following questions for one of your six elements and write your answers on the chalkboard to share with the entire group. Yes, consult your textbook or any reference source that you wish.
BIO 111 General Biology Activity 7. I Just Ate a Bowl of Rice, now What? Although, carbohydrates and lipids have very different properties and functions in living systems, there are similarities in the chemical processes that build the molecules and break them down. Working in groups of six, pick six molecules (lipids and carbohydrates) from the “rice bowl”. You and the members of your group will address the following questions for each molecule and write your answers on the chalkboard to share with the entire group. a) What is this molecule, carbohydrate or lipid? b) What type of carbohydrate or lipid? c) What are the component molecules of this complex molecule? d) If the components were released first, what are the first bonds that would be broken during digestion? e) What type of chemical bonds are they? f) How does that type of chemical bond hold atoms together? g) What role(s) could this molecule have had in the living organism from which your rice bowl was prepared? h) How might your body use this molecule? Compound What is it? Type? Components? Bonds? Bond type? Bond function? Role? Use in your body? Post-Workshop Assignments Use the following blank table to quiz yourself (or work with a classmate) on the characteristics of biological molecules: Complete the table for each of the following compounds (or make your own list): a) Cane sugar b) Estrogen c) Vegetable oil d) Lard e) Wood f) Potato tuber g) Glucose (IV drip)
BIO 111 General Biology Write the name of the material: In what class of molecules is this? What are the subunits that compose this? What are the characteristics of this class of molecules? What is the function of this material in the living organism? Draw a stick diagram of a typical molecule representative of this group Literature Cited Flood, J.F., J.E. Morley, and E. Roberts. 1991. Amnesic effects in mice of four synthetic peptides homologous to amyloid β proteins from patients with Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88(April):3363-3366. Activity 2. Methods of Science was based on a case study developed by Dr. Wasi Siddiqui and modified by L. Blumer 7/2004. Activities 1 and 3-7 developed by L. Blumer 7/2004 and 6/2005. Revised 1/2006 by L. Blumer.