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Physics 2 Lab Reflection and Refraction, Assignments of Physics

Lab 11 Reflection and Refraction Lab Phet, this assignment is paired withe the

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2022/2023

Uploaded on 12/14/2023

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Reflection and Refraction - Bending Light (Remote Lab)
This lesson is designed for a student working remotely .)
This lab uses the Bending Light simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations at University of
Colorado Boulder, under the CC-BY 4.0 license.
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/bending-light/latest/bending-light_en.html
Learning Goals
A. Describe what happens to light when it shines on a medium.
B. Explain light direction changes at the interface between two media and what determines the angle.
C. Describe the effect of varying wavelength on the angle of refraction.
D. Explain why a prism creates a rainbow.
E. Apply Snell’s law to a laser beam incident on the interface between media.
Everyday Physics in your life:
I put a chopstick in a glass of water like in the picture on the right. What do you
notice?
Try this at home with some other things like a spoon or fork. Do you observe any
different things?
( If you don’t have a clear glass, you can still see some interesting things. You might
want to use a larger container like a bathroom sink).
What ideas do you have about why things look different under water?
-refraction gradients, reflective index
Develop your understanding:
1. Explore the Intro screen to find some things that happen when light rays shine into water. Figure out
how to test what happens when the light rays come from underwater. Compare your ideas about why
things look different under water to how light rays appear to “bend.”.
both angles have different degree of refraction above and below water, approximately 32 below and 45 above,
different degree of intensity above and below
Explain your understanding:
2. Experiment in the Intro screen using the tools to observe what happens to light when it shines on water.
Use both the Ray and Wave models for light.
a. Write about how each tool helps investigate the behavior of light.
ray can be used to measure degrees of refraction, wave can be used to seen intensity
4/15/20 Loeblein https://phet.colorado.edu/en/contributions/view/5463 page1
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Reflection and Refraction - Bending Light (Remote Lab) This lesson is designed for a student working remotely.) This lab uses the Bending Light simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations at University of Colorado Boulder, under the CC-BY 4.0 license.

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/bending-light/latest/bending-light_en.html

Learning Goals A. Describe what happens to light when it shines on a medium. B. Explain light direction changes at the interface between two media and what determines the angle. C. Describe the effect of varying wavelength on the angle of refraction. D. Explain why a prism creates a rainbow. E. Apply Snell’s law to a laser beam incident on the interface between media. Everyday Physics in your life: I put a chopstick in a glass of water like in the picture on the right. What do you notice? Try this at home with some other things like a spoon or fork. Do you observe any different things? ( If you don’t have a clear glass, you can still see some interesting things. You might want to use a larger container like a bathroom sink). What ideas do you have about why things look different under water? -refraction gradients, reflective index Develop your understanding:

  1. Explore the Intro screen to find some things that happen when light rays shine into water. Figure out how to test what happens when the light rays come from underwater. Compare your ideas about why things look different under water to how light rays appear to “bend.”. both angles have different degree of refraction above and below water, approximately 32 below and 45 above, different degree of intensity above and below Explain your understanding:
  2. Experiment in the Intro screen using the tools to observe what happens to light when it shines on water. Use both the Ray and Wave models for light. a. Write about how each tool helps investigate the behavior of light. ray can be used to measure degrees of refraction, wave can be used to seen intensity

b. Describe the behavior of light when it shines on water. Provide examples for a variety of incident angles to support your description. the water bends the light as well as reflects it off its surface, c. What changes if the light is underwater and the light goes into air? no light passed through into the air, it matches angle of light and is reflected d. What changes if you shine light on glass? light reflects off glass if the outside is air and will bend the light is the outside is water e. Test materials with other indexes of refraction to see if your ideas about the behavior of light seem comprehensive. f. Write a summary description of what happens to light when it goes from one medium to another. Use the following vocabulary words in your summary: index of refraction, incident angle, reflected angle, and refracted angle. When light transitions from one medium to another, its behavior is determined by the optical properties of the two mediums, specifically characterized by the index of refraction. The incident angle refers to the angle at which light initially approaches the boundary between the two mediums. Upon encountering this boundary, two phenomena occur: Reflection: ● A portion of the incident light is reflected back into the original medium. ● The angle at which the light is reflected (reflected angle) is equal to the incident angle. Refraction: ● The remaining portion of light is refracted or bent as it enters the second medium. ● The angle at which the refracted light continues (refracted angle) is determined by Snell's Law, which relates the indices of refraction of the two mediums and the incident angle. ● Snell's Law is given by: n1 sin⋅ (incident angle)=n2 sin⋅ (refracted angle) ● Where n1 and n2 are the indices of refraction of the first and second mediums, respectively. The index of refraction is a measure of how much the speed of light changes in a given medium. A higher index of refraction indicates slower light propagation. The refracted angle depends on the incident angle and the refractive indices, and it is crucial in understanding phenomena like the bending of light in lenses, prisms, and other optical devices.

  1. Use More Tools screen to observe variation in refraction as the wavelength (color) of incident light varies. a. The difference in refraction angles is small and difficult to detect in this simulation, so I have shown a possible experimental setup for you to try. How much does the angle of refraction change from 380nm to 700nm when the incident angle is 80? Run some of your own experiments to see if you can detect a difference in refracted angles at other incident angles. Why did I choose 80 degrees? remained the same reme regardless of wavelegnth as the laser goes past 80 degrees the light disappears and is no longer refracted

i. object is air, and the environment is between water and glass, the refraction it in the top most corner of the square and a rainbow has formed, this is because the whitelight has been refracted to view the light at each individual wavelength rather then group them together b. Explain why only some types of light will yield rainbows. a single wavelength light only has one color it can be but white light is made up of all the colors Test your understanding and self-check Open the full Bending Light simulation

  1. Show that you can use Snell’s Law ( n 1 sinΘ 1 = n 2 sinΘ 2 ) to predict the angle of reflection and angle of refraction for several scenarios. Show your work. After you have completed the calculations, use simulation to check your work For incident angle of 30 degrees light shining a. from air into water i. 1sin(30) = 1.33sin(theta2) ii. .5 = 1.33sin(theta2) iii. theta2 = 22. b. from water into air i. 1.33sin(30) = 1sin(theta2) ii. 0.665=sin(theta2) iii. theta2 = 41. c. from air into glass i. 1sin(30) = 1.5sin(theta2) ii. .333 = sin(theta2) iii. theta2 = 19. d. from water into glass i. 1.33sin(30) = 1.5sin(theta2) ii. .443 = sin(theta2) iii. theta2 = 26. e. from air into a medium with an index of 1. i. .5sin(30) = 1.22sin(theta2) ii. .41 = sin(theta2) iii. theta2 = 24.