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GLY 200: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
SPRING 2009 -- EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS
- What criteria are used to classify metamorphic rocks and how do these allow interpretation of the conditions of orogin?
Metamorphic Rocks
2. Doesdifferential stress always cause foliation in metamorphic rocks? Why or why not?
- How is partial melting of pre-existing rocks related to metamorphism? What other types of rocks would be in contact with metamorphic rocks in this situation? Describe a scenario in which partial melting could occur.
4. Theprinciple of superposition is normally used to date ___________ rocks in relation to other rocks.
Geologic Time
a. igneous b. sedimentary c. metamorphic
- The principle of cross-cutting relationships is normally used to date ___________ rocks in relation to other rocks.
a. igneous b. sedimentary c. metamorphic
- Which one of the following is not a type of unconformity? Which type(s) represent the greatest time interval?
d. disconformity e. angular unconformity f. triconformity g. nonconformity
- What geologic events are interpreted to cause unconformities in a sequence of rocks? What events would cause uninterrupted accumulation of a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks?
a. uplift and erosion b. subsidence and erosion c. uplift and deposition d. subsidence and deposition
- If a volcanic rock contains a 1:7 ratio of parent isotope to daughter product, and the half-life of this decay series is 500 million years, how long ago was the volcanic eruption?
a. 500 million years b. 1000 million years c. 1,500 million years d. 2,000 million years
- Which one of the following lists stresses commonly found in the earth’s crust?
Earthquakes
a. elastic, confining, brittle b. elastic, plastic, brittle c. convergent, divergent, transform d. compressive, extensional, shear
- The mechanism that causes earthquakes is explained by ____________.
a. Bowen Reaction Series b. elastic rebound c. principle of cross-cuttting relationships d. chemical weathering e. The Dynamo Hypothesis
- The major categories of seismic waves are ____________.
a. body and secondary b. surface and secondary c. shear and secondary d. body and surface
- Love and Rayleigh Waves belong to what category of seismic waves?
a. body b. secondary c. shear d. surface
- The distance to an earthquake’s epicenter can be determined from seismograms collected from at least __________ seismographs.
a. one b. two c. three d. four
- The location (distance and direction) of an earthquake’s epicenter can be determined from seismograms collected from at least __________ seismographs.
a. one b. two c. three d. four
- The average time between floods of a given size is the ____________.
a. discharge b. gradient c. recurrence interval d. separation time
- Draw a hydrograph for a hypothetical river or stream. What are the x- and y- axes? How does the shape of the curve change if runoff is increased and infiltration decreased? What conditions could cause such a change?
- In order to make a good aquifer, a soil, sediment or rock must possess _________________.
Groundwater
a. unsaturated zone and porosity b. fractures and unsaturated zone c. porosity and permeability d. porosity and fractures e. permeability and fractures
- Which of the following lists geologic materials in order of increasing percentage of porosity?
a. 1) sediments, 2) sedimentary rocks, 3) igneous/metamorphic rocks b. 1) sedimentary rocks, 2) igneous/metamorphic rocks, 3) sediments c. 1) igneous/metamorphic rocks, 2) sediments, 3) sedimentary rocks d. 1) igneous/metamorphic rocks, 2) sedimentary rocks, 3) sediments
- Groundwater always flows __________.
a. downhill b. from areas of higher hydraulic head to areas of lower hydraulic head c. from higher to lower elevations d. from areas of higher permeability to areas of lower permeability
- With respect to groundwater, the Ohio River is an example of a _________ stream or river.
a. geothermal b. gaining c. losing d. braided
- In areas with a dry climate, one would expect to find _________ that extended from the earth’s surface to a depth far below the surface.
a. an unsaturated zone b. a saturated zone c. an igneous intrusion d. a water table
- The top of an unconfined aquifer is defined by the water table.
a. true b. false
29. What can cause a largecone of depression to develop in an aquifer?
a. rising water table b. under-pumping c. over-pumping d. groundwater contamination
- The tight, interlocking mosaic of crystals in glacial ice is similar in texture to what rock type?
Glaciers
a. volcanic glass b. fine-grained igneous rock c. coarse-grained sedimentary rock d. coarse-grained metamorphic rock
- The two major types of glaciation are __________________.
a. continental and accumulation b. alpine and ablation c. continental and alpine d. accumulation and ablation
- Ice within the interior of a glacier moves faster than ice located on the sides and bottom of the glacier. This is an illustration of _________.
a. elastic rebound b. brittle deformation c. plastic flow d. pressure melting
