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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter: Understanding the Differences, Lecture notes of Voice

An overview of physical and chemical properties of matter. Physical properties include color, odor, hardness, texture, solubility, and molecular polarity, among others. They do not change the chemical nature of matter. Chemical properties, on the other hand, result in the formation of new substances and change the chemical nature of matter. Examples of chemical properties include heat of combustion, reactivity with water or other materials, and ph. The document also discusses physical and chemical changes, and provides examples and exercises.

What you will learn

  • How do physical and chemical changes differ?
  • What are physical properties of matter?
  • What are chemical properties of matter?

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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Name: ___________________________________________ Date: __________________ Hour: _____
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
Directions: As you read the text below, C.U.S.S. it out! No, you’re not actually using bad words – you’re analyzing
what you read. After you analyze the text, answer the questions at the end.
C = Circle or highlight main ideas and important terms in each paragraph
U = Underline supporting ideas or important facts that support the main idea in each paragraph
S = Star confusing words or phrases that you have questions about
S = Summarize what you read
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All matter has properties. We recognize a person by
his face, voice, height, fingerprints, DNA,
and other factors. The more properties
identified, the better we know the
person. In a similar way, matter has
many properties. The two basic types of
properties associated with matter are
physical and chemical.
Physical Properties
Physical properties do not change the chemical
nature of matter. A physical change occurs in shape,
form, or appearance but no new substance is created.
Examples of physical properties include color, odor,
hardness, texture, luster, volume or size, shape,
solubility (ability to dissolve), molecular polarity
(positively or negatively charged), freezing, boiling
and melting points, taste, magnetism, density,
salinity, absorbency, and many others.
Solubility and polarity are classified as physical
properties because no new substances are produced
as a result of testing for these properties.
Classification of Matter
A substance is more easily
identified when many
properties have been
recognized. Matter is sorted and classified according
to its properties. For example, the property of a
substance being metal or nonmetal determines part
of that substance’s classification on the periodic table.
Copper is a metallic substance with a shiny, reddish-
color, and a density of 89.2 grams per cubic
centimeter. It is nonmagnetic, and has good electrical
conductivity.
Properties of Water
Properties of water you are familiar with are
transparency, color,
melting and freezing
temperatures, solubility,
and other factors. There
are other properties with
which you may not be as
familiar. When electrons
are not shared equally in a
molecule, it is said to be
polar. This is the situation
with water, H2O. The water
molecule is neutral as a
whole, but one end tends to be positive and one end
tends to be negative. Each end of one water molecule
is attracted to the end of another molecule. This
attraction causes water molecules to stick together
and create surface
tension. This is why
it hurts so much to
do a “belly buster”
off the high diving
board. The water
molecules will not
separate easily to
allow you to enter the water. A lot of the energy from
your fall is transferred back to your body. The sticking
together of like atoms or molecules in the above
O
H
H
+
+
-
O
H
H
+
O
H
H
+
+
pf3

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Download Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter: Understanding the Differences and more Lecture notes Voice in PDF only on Docsity!

Name: ___________________________________________ Date: __________________ Hour: _____

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

Directions : As you read the text below, C.U.S.S. it out! No, you’re not actually using bad words – you’re analyzing what you read. After you analyze the text, answer the questions at the end.  C = Circle or highlight main ideas and important terms in each paragraph  U = Underline supporting ideas or important facts that support the main idea in each paragraph  S = Star confusing words or phrases that you have questions about  S = Summarize what you read


All matter has properties. We recognize a person by his face, voice, height, fingerprints, DNA, and other factors. The more properties identified, the better we know the person. In a similar way, matter has many properties. The two basic types of properties associated with matter are physical and chemical. Physical Properties Physical properties do not change the chemical nature of matter. A physical change occurs in shape, form, or appearance but no new substance is created. Examples of physical properties include color, odor, hardness, texture, luster, volume or size, shape, solubility (ability to dissolve), molecular polarity (positively or negatively charged), freezing, boiling and melting points, taste, magnetism, density, salinity, absorbency, and many others. Solubility and polarity are classified as physical properties because no new substances are produced as a result of testing for these properties. Classification of Matter A substance is more easily identified when many properties have been recognized. Matter is sorted and classified according to its properties. For example, the property of a substance being metal or nonmetal determines part of that substance’s classification on the periodic table. Copper is a metallic substance with a shiny, reddish- color, and a density of 89.2 grams per cubic centimeter. It is nonmagnetic, and has good electrical conductivity. Properties of Water Properties of water you are familiar with are transparency, color, melting and freezing temperatures, solubility, and other factors. There are other properties with which you may not be as familiar. When electrons are not shared equally in a molecule, it is said to be polar. This is the situation with water, H 2 O. The water molecule is neutral as a whole, but one end tends to be positive and one end tends to be negative. Each end of one water molecule is attracted to the end of another molecule. This attraction causes water molecules to stick together and create surface tension. This is why it hurts so much to do a “belly buster” off the high diving board. The water molecules will not separate easily to allow you to enter the water. A lot of the energy from your fall is transferred back to your body. The sticking together of like atoms or molecules in the above O H H

O H H

+ O

H H

example is called cohesion. The sticking together of unlike atoms or molecules is called adhesion, such as tape sticking to wrapping paper on a package. The two substances are not alike yet they stick to each other. Physical Change Physical change in matter affects one or more of the physical properties of a substance. This change does not alter the nature of the substance. For example, when you tear a piece of paper into tiny pieces, you still have paper. It is in a different shape or form, but it has not changed its chemical composition. Melting butter to add to popcorn at the movies is a physical change in the state or phase of matter for the butter. Other examples of physical change are chopping wood, bending a paper clip, adding ice to tea. Because a physical change does not involve changing the chemical structure of the material, it can usually be changed back easily. If you mold silly putty into a shape then decide you want to make it something different, you simply remold it into something else. The ability to restore something to its original substance is a characteristic of physical change. Some processes that produce a physical change are cutting, grinding, boiling, freezing, melting, condensing, breaking, separating, chopping, splitting, mixing, tearing, crushing and blending. Chemical properties Chemical changes deal with reactions of two or more substances and result in the formation of new material. Chemical properties change the chemical nature of matter. Examples of chemical properties are heat of combustion, reactivity with water or other materials, and pH. For example, copper reacts with nitric acid to produce brown fumes. In the form of a compound, copper chloride in the presence of aluminum, will decompose (break down) into copper and aluminum chloride. Decomposition of copper with other chemicals is one of its chemical properties. Chemical Change A chemical change occurs when the composition of a substance is changed into a new product. Chemical changes usually occur when two or more substances come in contact with each other, or when heat is applied. As matter and energy cycle through the environment, atoms and molecules are transformed and recombined in different ways creating new substances. The new substances have different properties than the original material. For instance, iron rusting (iron and oxygen reacting), or acid fizzing when it comes in contact with limestone (acid and calcium carbonate reacting) are examples of chemical changes. Evidence of Chemical Change The outcomes, or products, of a chemical reaction cannot easily be turned back into the original substances. Once paper is burned, it cannot be restored to its original state. Indications of a chemical change are change in color, production of gas (bubbles), production of a solid (precipitate), creation of heat (exothermic reaction), or cooling (endothermic reaction), light being given off and production of an odor. Not all chemical reactions show these indications in any easily visible way, and these changes do not necessarily indicate a chemical reaction. These are only visible evidences of activity that allow us to infer that a reaction is occurring on a molecular level. Write a summary with at least 5 sentences below.