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Biology Terms: Eukaryotic Cells, Triploblasts, Eucoelomates, Metamerism, and Anatomy, Quizzes of Biology

Definitions and explanations for various terms related to eukaryotic cells, triploblastic organisms, eucoelomates, metamerism, and developmental anatomy. Topics include the notochord, pharyngeal pouches, pharyngeal arches, subpharyngeal glands, endostyle, thyroid, homology, gills, brain, braincase, bone, neural crest, ectodermal placodes, protostomes, deuterostomes, pikaia, absolute time, relative time, precambrian time, phanerozoic time, cenozoic era, mesozoic era, paleozoic era, fossil, petrification, hyracotherium, cladogenesis, agenesis, convergence, extinction, taxon, taxa, phylogeny, cladistic analysis, ancestral state, derived state, synapomorphy, congruence, monophyletic group, clade, grade, paraphyletic group, ammocoetes, and archeopteryx.

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 09/05/2011

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TERM 1
eukaryotic
DEFINITION 1
has a nucleus in cells
TERM 2
triploblastic
DEFINITION 2
having 3 primary germ layers:1. ectoderm2. mesoderm3.
endoderm
germ layers form during gastrulation of blastula
TERM 3
eucoelomate
DEFINITION 3
having a mesoderm lined coelum (body cavity) where
internal organs are suspendedeu=truecoelo= space/cavity
TERM 4
metamerism
DEFINITION 4
body divided into similar segments
animals with metamerism are called somites
TERM 5
notochord
DEFINITION 5
just ventral to nerve chord
induces nerve chord formation during development
persists into adults in lancelets, hagfish but NOT in most
other chordates
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

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Download Biology Terms: Eukaryotic Cells, Triploblasts, Eucoelomates, Metamerism, and Anatomy and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

eukaryotic

has a nucleus in cells TERM 2

triploblastic

DEFINITION 2 having 3 primary germ layers:1. ectoderm2. mesoderm3. endoderm germ layers form during gastrulation of blastula TERM 3

eucoelomate

DEFINITION 3 having a mesoderm lined coelum (body cavity) where internal organs are suspendedeu=truecoelo= space/cavity TERM 4

metamerism

DEFINITION 4 body divided into similar segments animals with metamerism are called somites TERM 5

notochord

DEFINITION 5 just ventral to nerve chord induces nerve chord formation during development persists into adults in lancelets, hagfish but NOT in most other chordates

pharyngeal pouch

pockets or holes in the throat present in chordata and hemichordata ONLY form on endodermal side between branchial arches become gills in fish TERM 7

pharyngeal arch

DEFINITION 7 develop into branchial arches or gill arches 6 arches in total TERM 8

subpharyngeal gland

DEFINITION 8 embryonic outgrouth of pharynx becomes endostyle in cephlochordates or thyroid concentrates iodine TERM 9

endostyle

DEFINITION 9 elongated ciliated groove in pharynx floor of tunicates and amphioxus mucus producing gland present in ALL stages of cephlochordates forms by evagination TERM 10

thyroid

DEFINITION 10 controls basal metabolic rate of cells produces thyroxin endocrine gland produced from floor of pharynx forms from evagination

neural crest

pair of ridges of ectodermal cells that develop along the top of the neural tube as the neural folds close derived character of craniates gives rise to skeleton, pigment cells, sensory neurons, dentine cells, adrenal medulla, pharyngeal skeleton similar to pluripotent stem cells unique embryonic tissue TERM 17

ectodermal placodes

DEFINITION 17 originate from primary germ layer neurogenic + lens placodes sensory placodes form by invagination of ectoderm into underlying mesoderm TERM 18

protostomes

DEFINITION 18 stoma = mouth coelomates that blastopore forms or contributes to the mouth mollusks, annelids, arthopods NOT a clade coelomates that blastopore forms or contributes to mouth mollusks, annelids, arthopods not a clade TERM 19

deuterostomes

DEFINITION 19 dueteros=second coelomate animals in which the stomadaeum rather than blastopore(becomes anus) forms in adult mouth echinoderms and chordates TERM 20

Pikaia

DEFINITION 20 genus name 530 million years old had myomeres attached to notochord had structure similar to post anal tail

absolute time

time measured in years using radiometric dating TERM 22

relative time

DEFINITION 22 the relative occurance of events through time comparison of absolute time stratographic dating index fossils geomorphology fission track dating TERM 23

Precambrian time

DEFINITION 23 has very few fossils 4500-590 million years ago TERM 24

Phanerozoic time

DEFINITION 24 after Precambrian involves all life on earth 590-present TERM 25

Cenozoic

Era

DEFINITION 25 geologic time ranging from about 65 million years before present-present includes Tertiary and Quarternary

cladogenesis

evolutionary splitting event in a species where each branch forms a clade process of adaptive evolution successive rounds of speciation TERM 32

agagenesis

DEFINITION 32 evolutionary change with no splitting of lineage TERM 33

convergence

DEFINITION 33 the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages ex: wings analogous structures NOT homologous TERM 34

extinction

DEFINITION 34 end of species TERM 35

taxon

DEFINITION 35 group of (one or more) organisms

taxa

plural of taxon multiple groups of organisms TERM 37

phylogeny

DEFINITION 37 evolutionary development and history of a species or higher taxonomic grouping of organisms TERM 38

cladistic analysis

DEFINITION 38 system of biological taxonomy based on quantitative analysis of comparative data and used to reconstruct cladograms TERM 39

ancestral state

DEFINITION 39 original species that another branched off of share traits TERM 40

derived state

DEFINITION 40 trait not shared with common ancestor

paraphyletic group

taxa that consists of all the descendants of closest common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups TERM 47

ammocoetes

DEFINITION 47 lampreys jawless fish TERM 48

Arachaeopteryx

DEFINITION 48 Urvogel theropod dinosaur oldest known bird