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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Chapter 8.1: Energy & Life
Chemical Energy and ATP
Short for “ adenosine triphosphate ”. Considered the most important energy related compound for living organisms.
Consists of:
Storing Energy:
ATP is the “stored” energy form, which can release energy by breaking a chemical bond between the last two (2) phosphate groups, thus becoming ADP. Cells can store only small amounts of ATP at any time.
ADP the “rechargeable” energy form can be restored to ATP by adding one (1) more phosphate group to the 2 existing phosphates. This adds “extra” energy in the chemical bond, which holds the second and third phosphates together.
Releasing Energy:
Cells can release energy in a set of controlled reactions, making the release very efficient. This process simply breaks the bonds between phosphate groups and chemical energy is released.
Mr. ATP !!!!
CONCEPT: Homeostasis (Ch7.4) requires MANY processes to occur simultaneously and constantly. Nearly all of these processes require energy in the form of ATP.
Photosynthesis is the ultimate source of energy that allows organisms to be able to produce ATP, and as a result use it to maintain homeostasis
List of Cellular Activities that require ATP
Example: ATP is used to power protein pumps in the cell membrane to help keep the correct balance of molecules in either side of the cell membrane (active transport).
Using Biochemical Energy:
Cells require ATP for many activities. Fill in the box
Cells need tons of energy, however CANNOT store large amounts at any given time. Therefore cells need to have a way to make energy very quickly and easily. This is the case when cells use food energy to convert ADP back into ATP.
Heterotrophs & Autotrophs You know these words. Read page 228 as a quick refresher
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Cells rely upon ATP as an energy source for all of their activities. The energy being put into the bonds of ATP has to come from somewhere. The ultimate source of this energy is the sun. Photosynthesis is the process which converts light energy to chemical bond energy in the form of glucose. Glucose is then used/consumed by organisms to synthesize ATP.
11. What are two ways in which cells use the energy temporarily stored in ATP? 12. Energy is needed to add a third phosphate group to ADP to make ATP. What is a cell’s source of this energy?
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs For Questions 13–17, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.
13. All heterotrophs must eat food to get energy. 14. Autotrophs do not need to eat food because they make food. 15. The energy in food originally came from ATP. 16. The term photosynthesis means “pulling apart with light” in Greek. 17. The energy of sunlight is stored in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates. 18. Complete the table comparing two types of organisms.
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Type Description Examples
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
19. Suppose that you ate a hamburger on a wheat roll with lettuce, tomatoes, and onions for lunch. As you ate, you took in food molecules from plants and animals. Explain why all the energy in the food molecules of this hamburger could be traced back to the sun.
