Phonological Awareness and Phonemic Awareness in Early Reading Instruction, Exams of English Literature

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• LETRS Unit 2 Session 1-

LETRS Unit 2 Session 1 Check For

Understanding

A student with general phonological awareness can learn to read fluently, even if the student has not yet developed awareness of speech sounds at the phoneme level. False If a student analyzes the sounds and syllables in a word, it is easier for the student to store the word in semantic memory. True Read the following list of classroom activities. Select the one that targets phonological awareness only, without attempting to address

LETRS Unit 2 Session 2

T/F Even after first grade, skills such as phoneme segmentation and blending of single-syllable words without consonant blends are good predictors of reading ability. False Students’ ability to acquire phonemic awareness is not dependent on which of the following factors? a. general language development and listening abilities b. word comprehension c. familiarity with vocabulary used in tasks d. the amount of practice received b. word comprehension Which of these tasks could a student at the early phonological awareness level perform? Select all that apply. a. determining whether cat and kiss begin with the same sound b. segmenting and tapping the phonemes in the word slap c. clapping and counting the syllables in the word pencil d. saying the word marker, then deleting the last syllable and saying it again, mark a & c determining whether cat and kiss begin with the same sound clapping and counting the syllables in the word pencil Which of these tasks could a student at the basic phonemic awareness level perform? Select all that apply. a. saying the word flame, then deleting the phoneme /l/ and saying the word without it b. saying the compound word rainbow, then deleting the first part and saying the new word c. determining which sound should be changed to make the word stream into scream d. segmenting and tapping the phonemes in the word beak

b& d saying the compound word rainbow, then deleting the first part and saying the new word, segmenting and tapping the phonemes in the word beak Which of these advanced phonemic awareness skills do children typically develop last? a. the ability to delete the final sound from a word b. the ability to substitute sounds within words of 5-

Which of the following changes typically take place once a child has grasped the alphabetic principle? Select all that apply. a. Spelling becomes more phonetically accurate. b. The student can easily delete, substitute, or otherwise manipulate phonemes in words. c. Attempts to decode text focus more on blending sounds. d. Recognition improves for high-frequency words that are phonetically irregular.

a. Spelling becomes more phonetically accurate. c. Attempts to decode text focus more on blending sounds.

LETRS Unit 2 Session 4

T/F In many instances, two different consonant phonemes in English are formed the same way in the mouth, but one is voiced and the other is unvoiced. True T/F Adults often miscount the number of phonemes in a word because they tend to recall how a word looks in print and count the letters, not the sounds. True Which of the following sounds is an affricate, meaning it combines features of fricatives and stops? a. /k/ b. /ng/ c. /ch/ d. /zh/ C. /ch/ Which of the following pairs are consonant sounds that students frequently confuse? Select all that apply. a. /t/ and /d/ b. /f/ and /p/ c. /m/ and /n/ d. /z/ and /l/ a & c Which of the following misspellings is phonetically accurate and does not indicate phonemic confusion? Select all that apply. a. writing “fan” for van b. writing “butn” for button c. writing “chow” for show d. writing “kitn” for kitten b & d

LETRS Unit 2

Session 5

English vowels are easier for students to pronounce and write than consonants. False What makes r-controlled vowel sounds so confusing for students? The r takes over the preceding vowel sound. Which of the following sounds is considered a front vowel? /a/ (long a) Which of the following vowels require that the mouth shift position during production of the sound? Select all that apply. /oi/ and /ou/ Which of the following vowel sounds would be classified by a linguist as “tense” vowels? /e/ and /yu/

LETRS Unit 2

Session 6

Spanish has 22 phonemes represented by 27 symbols, compared to English’s 44 phonemes and 26 symbols. True or False True

The variations common in African American English are predictable and governed by rules. True or False True Which of the following occurs as a result of coarticulation? Select all that apply. a. allophonic variations, in which we pronounce individual phonemes differently from how would pronounce them in isolation b. dialect variations that include nonstandard usage and grammar as well as nonstandard pronunciation c. misspellings of words that are,

a. Focus students’ attention on speech sounds before focusing on letters. d. Include all English phonemes in instruction. check_circle Which activities work with students at the early phonological awareness level? Select all that apply.

a. having students identify rhyming words in texts you read aloud b. having students clap or tap to count the syllables in a word you say d. saying a two-syllable word, then asking students to delete one syllable and say the word that results check_circle A colleague is going to start beginning sound chaining activities with students at the basic phonemic awareness level, using colored blocks to represent sounds. What is the most important guideline to follow? b. Have students add, change, delete, or move only ONE sound at a time.

LETRS Unit 2 Session 8

Assessing phonological skills is almost never appropriate after a child has completed first grade. False Phonemic awareness is difficult to measure directly as an isolated skill. True What features separate the PAST from other phonological skills assessments? Select all that apply. b. Automaticity is a factor in determining a student’s score. d. The assessor gives corrective feedback if the student responds incorrectly. Which kinds of tasks are the primary focus of phonological skills assessment in grades K-1?

b. “Say crate. Now say crate but don’t say /k/.” d. “Say bask. Now say bask but don’t say /s/.” HIDE RESULTS