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PHLEBOTOMY CHAPTER 2 REVIEW (LATEST 2025/2026 UPDATE) REAL EXAM REVISED QUESTIONS AND VE, Exams of Health sciences

American University (AU)Health sciences

PHLEBOTOMY CHAPTER 2 REVIEW (LATEST 2025/2026 UPDATE) REAL EXAM REVISED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS (ACCURATE SOLUTIONS) ALREADY PASSED HIGHEST TEST GRADED A+.pdf

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/03/2025

DrPrep
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PHLEBOTOMY CHAPTER 2 REVIEW (LATEST
2025/2026 UPDATE) REAL EXAM REVISED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
(ACCURATE SOLUTIONS) ALREADY PASSED
HIGHEST TEST GRADED A+.pdf
1. What is the primary duty of a phlebotomist?
Collect blood specimens for laboratory analysis
Phlebotomists are trained to safely and efficiently draw blood for
diagnostic testing.
2. Which organization sets the standards for phlebotomy procedures?
CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute)
CLSI provides guidelines to ensure quality and consistency in
laboratory procedures.
3. Which additive prevents blood from clotting by binding calcium?
EDTA
EDTA binds calcium ions, which are necessary for blood clotting.
4. Which color tube is used for CBC tests?
Lavender
The lavender top tube contains EDTA, which preserves the blood cells
for a Complete Blood Count.
5. What should be done immediately after removing the needle from a
patient’s vein?
Apply pressure to the puncture site
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Download PHLEBOTOMY CHAPTER 2 REVIEW (LATEST 2025/2026 UPDATE) REAL EXAM REVISED QUESTIONS AND VE and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity!

PHLEBOTOMY CHAPTER 2 REVIEW (LATEST

2025/2026 UPDATE) REAL EXAM REVISED

QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS

(ACCURATE SOLUTIONS) ALREADY PASSED

HIGHEST TEST GRADED A+.pdf

  1. What is the primary duty of a phlebotomist? Collect blood specimens for laboratory analysis Phlebotomists are trained to safely and efficiently draw blood for diagnostic testing.
  2. Which organization sets the standards for phlebotomy procedures? CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) CLSI provides guidelines to ensure quality and consistency in laboratory procedures.
  3. Which additive prevents blood from clotting by binding calcium? EDTA EDTA binds calcium ions, which are necessary for blood clotting.
  4. Which color tube is used for CBC tests? Lavender The lavender top tube contains EDTA, which preserves the blood cells for a Complete Blood Count.
  5. What should be done immediately after removing the needle from a patient’s vein? Apply pressure to the puncture site

This helps prevent hematoma and promotes clot formation at the site.

  1. Which vein is most commonly used for venipuncture? Median cubital vein This vein is large, easy to access, and has fewer complications.
  2. What angle should the needle be inserted during venipuncture? 15 to 30 degrees This angle allows proper entry into the vein without passing through it.
  3. Which patient position is appropriate for routine venipuncture? Sitting or lying down This reduces the risk of fainting and injury during the draw.
  4. How long should a tourniquet be left on? No more than 1 minute Prolonged application can cause hemoconcentration and inaccurate results.
  5. What is the first step in the phlebotomy procedure? Identify the patient Proper identification ensures patient safety and accurate results.
  6. Which antiseptic is commonly used to clean the venipuncture site? 70% isopropyl alcohol It effectively disinfects the skin to prevent infection.
  7. What is the purpose of inversion after drawing blood into a tube with an additive?
  1. Which gauge needle is most commonly used for venipuncture? 21 - gauge It provides a good flow rate without damaging the vein.
  2. Which test requires fasting? Glucose tolerance test (GTT) Fasting ensures accurate baseline glucose levels.
  3. Why is it important to fill tubes to the correct volume? To maintain correct blood-to-additive ratio Incorrect ratios can affect test results.
  4. What is the maximum depth for a heel stick on an infant? 2.0 mm Deeper punctures risk bone injury.
  5. Which condition can cause a false increase in potassium levels? Hemolysis Lysed cells release intracellular potassium.
  6. Which vein should be avoided for routine venipuncture? Basilic vein It is near arteries and nerves, increasing complication risks.
  7. Which test is affected by diurnal variation? Cortisol Cortisol levels fluctuate throughout the day.
  8. What is the recommended antiseptic for blood cultures? Chlorhexidine It provides better skin antisepsis for sterile collections.
  1. What is implied consent? Patient’s actions imply agreement Extending an arm for a blood draw is implied consent.
  2. Which color tube is used for coagulation studies? Light blue Contains sodium citrate to preserve clotting factors.
  3. What is the function of the tourniquet? Engorge veins for easier access It temporarily stops venous return, making veins prominent.
  4. Which lab department performs CBC tests? Hematology CBC is a routine hematology test.
  5. How should you position the bevel when inserting a needle? Bevel up This facilitates smooth entry into the vein.
  6. What is the primary source of preanalytical errors? Patient identification errors Misidentification leads to serious consequences.
  7. What is the maximum number of venipuncture attempts allowed? Two More attempts increase patient discomfort and complications.
  8. What is the primary purpose of gloves? Protect against infection and contamination They prevent transmission of pathogens.
  1. What is the purpose of performing a capillary blood gas collection? To assess oxygen and carbon dioxide levels Especially in newborns when arterial puncture is impractical.
  2. What should you do if a patient refuses a blood draw? Document and notify the supervisor Patients have the right to refuse.
  3. What is the preferred site for heel stick on an infant? Medial or lateral plantar surface These areas avoid bones and nerves.
  4. What is basal state? Early morning, after fasting and rest Provides consistent lab results.
  5. What is the main reason for tube inversion? To mix additives and prevent clotting Ensures specimen integrity.
  6. What is the recommended site for capillary puncture in infants? Heel Infant fingers are too small and could be injured.
  7. Which PPE is required during phlebotomy? Gloves They are mandatory for all blood collections.
  8. What is the appropriate action if a patient complains of sharp pain during venipuncture?

Stop the procedure immediately Sharp pain may indicate nerve involvement. Removing the needle prevents further damage.

  1. Which test is affected if the tourniquet is left on too long? Potassium Prolonged tourniquet time can falsely elevate potassium levels due to hemoconcentration.
  2. What is the primary cause of needle phobia? Anxiety or fear of pain Some patients have a severe fear response to needles.
  3. Which complication can occur if the bevel is against the vein wall? No blood flow The needle may block blood entry into the tube.
  4. What is the correct way to clean a venipuncture site? Use concentric circles outward This moves contaminants away from the puncture site.
  5. Which tube additive removes calcium by forming insoluble calcium salts? Sodium citrate It binds calcium to prevent clotting.
  6. What is the best vein for geriatric patients with fragile veins? Dorsal hand veins Hand veins may be more accessible and less prone to collapse.
  7. Which needle type is recommended for small veins? Butterfly needle Winged infusion sets are ideal for small or difficult veins.
  1. Which factor affects basal state? Exercise before draw Physical activity can alter glucose and hormone levels.
  2. What is the best action for a difficult draw with no veins visible? Use a warming device Warming increases blood flow and vein visibility.
  3. What is the risk of using an expired tube? Loss of vacuum An expired tube may not draw blood properly.
  4. What is the proper site for a PKU test on a newborn? Lateral or medial plantar heel These areas minimize risk of nerve or bone damage.
  5. Which test is most affected by alcohol contamination? Blood alcohol level Alcohol on the skin can falsely elevate results.
  6. How long should pressure be applied to the site after venipuncture? Until bleeding stops This prevents hematoma formation.
  7. Which infection control practice prevents cross-contamination? Changing gloves between patients Gloves must be changed to maintain infection control.
  8. What is the proper method for collecting a timed specimen? Collect at the exact time ordered Timing affects test accuracy.
  1. What is the primary cause of clot formation in an anticoagulated tube? Inadequate mixing Failing to invert tubes properly allows clotting.
  2. What is the meaning of STAT? Immediately STAT orders are urgent and must be prioritized.
  3. Which tube should never be underfilled? Light blue Underfilling affects the blood-to-additive ratio for coagulation tests.
  4. What is the primary concern with blind probing for veins? Increases risk of nerve injury Probing is unsafe and not recommended.
  5. Which condition requires isolation precautions? Active tuberculosis (TB) TB patients need airborne isolation precautions.
  6. How should a specimen for cold agglutinin be handled? Keep at 37°C Warmth prevents false results due to cold-induced agglutination.
  7. Which gauge needle is best for blood donation? 16 - 18 gauge Large bore needles allow rapid collection without damaging red blood cells.
  8. What is a nosocomial infection? Hospital-acquired infection Occurs during healthcare delivery.
  1. What is the main risk of using a needle without a safety device? Needlestick injury Safety devices reduce accidental sticks.
  2. What is the correct angle for a capillary puncture? Perpendicular to fingerprint lines Encourages free flow of blood.
  3. What does the term aliquot mean? A portion of a specimen Used for separate testing or storage.
  4. Which test result is critically affected by hemolysis? Potassium Hemolysis falsely elevates potassium levels.
  5. What is the best practice for biohazard waste disposal? Use labeled biohazard containers Prevents accidental exposure.
  6. Which condition requires reverse isolation? Severely immunocompromised patient Protects the patient from external pathogens.
  7. Which practice helps reduce patient anxiety? Explain the procedure clearly Good communication helps calm fears.
  8. What is the significance of the bevel? Facilitates vein entry Bevel up helps the needle slide into the vein.
  1. Which tube contains fluoride? Gray top Fluoride preserves glucose by inhibiting glycolysis.
  2. Which vein should be avoided in obese patients if not palpable? Basilic vein Harder to locate and near major arteries and nerves.
  3. How should a heel be warmed before puncture? Warm, moist towel for 3-5 minutes Increases blood flow for better collection.
  4. What is a possible complication if tubes are filled in the wrong order? Cross-contamination of additives This can alter test results.
  5. What is an acceptable way to identify a patient? Ask for name and date of birth Active identification ensures accuracy.
  6. What is a multi-sample needle used for? Multiple tube collections Allows drawing several tubes with one puncture.
  7. Which site should be avoided for capillary puncture? Thumb Thumbs have pulse and are more sensitive.
  8. How should tubes with different additives be mixed? Invert gently the recommended number of times Each tube has specific mixing requirements.

Blood specimen Increased risk of infection and lymphedema.

  1. What is an example of parenteral exposure? Needlestick injury Exposure occurs through a break in the skin.
  2. Which tube is used for sedimentation rate? Lavender top EDTA preserves red blood cells for ESR testing.
  3. How should you handle a needle after use? Engage safety device and dispose immediately Reduces injury risk.
  4. Which site is acceptable for venipuncture with a hematoma? Below the hematoma If unavoidable, always draw distal to the affected area.
  5. How can basal state be achieved? Resting and fasting overnight Provides consistent results for metabolic tests.
  6. What is the first response to accidental needlestick? Wash area with soap and water Immediate cleaning reduces infection risk.
  7. Which tube color indicates no additive? Red top Plain tubes are used for serum collection.
  1. What is the effect of not mixing an anticoagulant tube? Clot formation Can render the sample unusable.
  2. What is an example of a timed test? Cortisol level Collected at specific times due to diurnal variation.
  3. Which method is used to detect hidden veins? Palpation Feel for veins if they are not visible.
  4. What is the preferred disinfectant for skin before venipuncture? 70% isopropyl alcohol Effectively reduces skin bacteria.
  5. How do you prevent hemolysis during venipuncture? Use correct needle size and avoid vigorous mixing Minimizes cell destruction.
  6. What is the purpose of a requisition slip? Communicates test orders to the lab Provides instructions and patient identification.
  7. What is the recommended site for venipuncture in a patient with IV in both arms? Below the IV site, after stopping IV for 2 minutes This minimizes dilution from IV fluids.
  1. What is the meaning of QA? Quality assurance QA ensures consistent, accurate, and reliable results.
  2. What PPE is required for contact isolation? Gloves and gown Prevents spread of organisms by direct contact.
  3. Which vein is located on the lateral side of the antecubital fossa? Cephalic vein Cephalic is lateral; basilic is medial.
  4. What is the purpose of the bevel on a needle? Ease of vein entry and reduce trauma Bevel up minimizes tissue damage.
  5. Which sample requires anaerobic conditions? Blood culture To grow organisms that do not tolerate oxygen.
  6. What is the main function of plasma? Transport nutrients, waste, and cells Plasma is the liquid component of blood.
  7. Which test requires special timing and multiple draws? Glucose tolerance test Collected at specific intervals after glucose ingestion.
  8. How should a specimen for lactic acid be handled? Collected without tourniquet and kept on ice Avoids falsely elevated levels.
  1. What is the appropriate action if a patient has a seizure during phlebotomy? Remove needle and protect patient Safety first — prevent injury.
  2. What color tube is used for ESR testing? Lavender top EDTA preserves the cells needed for ESR.
  3. Which test requires the patient to lie down during collection? Renin activity Posture affects levels of some analytes.
  4. What is the main risk of using a small gauge needle for a large vein? Hemolysis Too small a needle increases shear force on RBCs.
  5. What is the correct order of draw for capillary collections? Blood gases, EDTA, other additives, serum Minimizes clotting and preserves analyte integrity.
  6. Which test is most affected by prolonged tourniquet use? Total protein Hemoconcentration artificially elevates protein levels.
  7. Which additive inhibits glycolysis? Sodium fluoride Used to preserve glucose.
  8. What is an appropriate action if a hematoma starts to form? Release tourniquet, remove needle, apply pressure Stops bleeding and limits bruise size.