PHIL 2200 Final Exam Prep with Questions and Answers, Exams of Humanities

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"A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise." ANSWER LEOPOLD "Land, then, is not mercly soil; it is a fountain of energy flowing through a circuit of soils, plants, and animals. Food chains are the living channels which conduct energy upward; death and decay return it to the soil." ANSWER LEOPOLD "There is therefore but one categorical imperative, namely this: Act only on the maxim whereby thou canst al the same time will that it should become a universal law." ANSWER. KANT "The source of ethical behavior is, then, in twin sentiments—one that feels directly for the other and one that feels for and with that best self, who may accept and sustain the initial feeling rather than reject it." ANSWER NODDING "I want to suggest that moralily as an ‘active virtue’ requires two Leelings and not just one. The first is the sentiment of natural caring . . . The second sentiment occurs in response to a remembrance of the first." ANSWER NODDING "If we can prevent something very bad happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral significance, we ought to do it." ANSWER SINGER "Onc has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, onc has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that "an unjust law is no law at all"... One who breaks an unjust law must do so openly, lovingly, and with a willingness to accept the penalty." ANSWER KING