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Question 1 1 / 1 pts Skepticism MOST closely falls under which branch of ethical theory? metaethics. Question 2 1 / 1 pts According to the textbook, how do each of us live out answers to Socrates’s essential question? by making conscious, deliberate choices that reflect a view of what matters Question 3 1 / 1 pts Between what two types of judgments does a dialectical conversation move? abstract and concrete Question 4 1 / 1 pts Cultural relativism implies that cultures are isolated from each other. Challenging that assumption, philosopher Mary Midgley says, “all cultures are formed out of many streams.” What does Midgley mean by this? Cultures have always been shaped by their encounters with other cultures. Question 5 1 / 1 pts With what does the major moral theory known as utilitarianism primarily concern itself? the consequences of an action
Question 6 1 / 1 pts Paulette is a philosopher who is trying to evaluate the strength of a major moral theory. As such, which of the following questions is Paulette LEAST likely to ask about the theory? Does this theory avoid the frustration that can come with exploring ethical issues? Question 7 1 / 1 pts In September 2017, Saudi Arabia granted its women the right to drive—the last country on earth to do so. Many people judged this as positive progress. What does this judgment imply about the idea of cultural relativism? It challenges relativism by recognizing an objective standard of women’s rights toward which the country has progressed. Question 8 1 / 1 pts What is the primary intended purpose of dialectical reasoning? to refine judgments about abstract principles and concrete cases Question 9 1 / 1 pts According to Glaukon in “The Ring of the Gyges,” people are naturally egocentric. Question 10 1 / 1 pts
Question 15 1 / 1 pts Utilitarianism and consequentialism more broadly are ethical theories that __________. have many variations Question 16 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is the BEST example of an action that was morally wrong because the advantages to the majority were outweighed by the suffering of the minority? the use of child labor in factories in the 1800s Question 17 1 / 1 pts Suppose a society believes that throwing an innocent boy into a volcano will keep the volcano from erupting—and therefore save hundreds of lives. What variety of utilitarian thought does this action represent? act utilitarianism Question 18 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements is a common misconception about utilitarian philosophy? The majority always rules. Question 19 1 / 1 pts Some utilitarians maintain that the standard of right action should be the ___¬________ consequences, not the __________ consequences produced by an action.
intended; actual Question 20 1 / 1 pts Lois considers herself an act utilitarian. Accordingly, which of the following statements is Lois MOST likely to make? “It may be O.K. to violate someone’s rights if the good you produce outweighs the harm caused by the violation.” Question 21 1 / 1 pts What did John Stuart Mill believe about those who sacrifice their own happiness for that of others? They demonstrate the utilitarian principle that the greatest happiness for the greatest number should serve as the standard of our actions. Question 22 1 / 1 pts According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism takes into account the happiness of everyone, and weights everyone’s happiness equally. Question 23 1 / 1 pts Allen is a critic of utilitarianism. Of the following sentences, which is LEAST likely to factor into his critique? “There is no such thing as happiness and suffering.” Question 24
results Question 29 1 / 1 pts According to Kant, what is the PRIMARY moral problem with making a false promise? It treats the other person’s humanity as a mere means to an end. Question 30 1 / 1 pts In 2012, sports fans were saddened and outraged to learn that cycling superstar Lance Armstrong had used illegal performance-enhancing drugs for years. A deontologist would say that his actions were wrong because they implied that laws and rules applied differently to him than to other athletes. Question 31 1 / 1 pts Which of these statements is one way to express Kant’s Categorical Imperative? Act as if the maxim of your action were to become by your will a universal law. Question 32 1 / 1 pts Immanuel Kant claims that the only thing that is moral without qualification is __________. a good will Question 33 1 / 1 pts
Which of the following is a Kantian approach to helping a family in need? “I should recognize that I would never want a world where people did not help each other, and thus help them the best I can.” Question 34 1 / 1 pts How would a deontologist respond to the fact that human rights advocates often peacefully protest or even break civil laws that they think are unjust? The advocates’ actions are moral because sometimes there are duties and moral laws higher than those prescribed by civil law. Question 35 1 / 1 pts According to deontological ethics, duties are independent of personal interests and desires. Question 36 1 / 1 pts What does Kant mean when he uses “humanity” in the moral sense? our capacity to rationally and autonomously set and pursue our own ends Question 37 1 / 1 pts What is the most accurate term for the rules and regulations expressed in the United Nations’ Declaration of Human Rights? universal laws
Utilitarians and deontologists begin with an account of moral action and base the concept of good character on that, while Aristotelians begin with an account of good character and describe right actions as those such a person would do. Question 43 1 / 1 pts One of the fundamental questions asked by virtue ethicists is “What does it mean to be a good person?” Question 44 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is probably the LEAST necessary character trait needed to be a good clinical nurse? ambition Question 45 1 / 1 pts Aristotle states that if we ask what the highest good is, nearly everyone agrees that it is happiness. Question 46 1 / 1 pts According to the textbook, we tend to call something like a car or a student “good” when it functions well and serves its purpose. Question 47 1 / 1 pts
The personal qualities that enable an individual to live a good life and flourish as a human being are known as __________. moral virtues Question 48 1 / 1 pts Dana, a philosophy major, supports the conclusions she reads in Nicomachean Ethics. Knowing this, how do you think Dana defines happiness? as a life that is lived well Question 49 1 / 1 pts Who is the primary source for this chapter’s study of virtue ethics? Aristotle Question 50 1 / 1 pts A common, modern definition of happiness includes feeling good or attaining personal satisfaction. However, Aristotle’s particular meaning of happiness is “having a life that is __________.” truly flourishing given the kinds of beings that we are Quiz Score: 50 out of 50
