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PHI 105 Module 6 Exam Already Graded A+
True or False: Even with false premises an argument can be logically strong - correct answer True _________________ arguments have premises that guarantee the truth of the conclusion - correct answer deductive ________________ arguments have premises that make it reasonable to accept the conclusion but do not absolutely guarantee its truth. - correct answer inductive The logical strength of deductive arguments does not depend upon their specific content, but on their _______ or _______________ - correct answer form, structure ________________ statements: do not contain any other statement as a part - correct answer simple _____________ statements: contain another statement as a component part - correct answer complex The following statement is an example of a _________________ statement. Virginia got a job with the Bank of America in 1973. - correct answer simple The following statement is an example of a _________________ statement. Either I lost the keys, or they have been stolen. - correct answer complex _________________________ statements are a subclass of complex statements that are distinguished by the way their truth is determined - correct answer truth-functional With truth-functional statements we determine the truth of the statement by seeing whether its ____________________ are true - correct answer components
True or False: If one of the statements in a truth-functional statement is false, then the statement can still be true. - correct answer False Every deductive argument includes at least one ____________________ statement. - correct answer truth-functional Each of the truth-functional statements includes a ______________________. - correct answer logical operator The ___________________________ tells us how the truth of the statement as a whole is determined by the truth values of its component statements - correct answer logical operator _________________ is the opposite of the original statement. "p is false" - correct answer negation A negation is true when its component statement is _______. - correct answer false A negation is false when its component statement is ______. - correct answer true __________________ relies on two statements. "p and q" - correct answer conjunction True or False: A conjunction is false when p is false, or when q is false, or when both p and q are false - correct answer True __________________ relies on two statements. "p or q" - correct answer disjunction True or False: A disjunction is only true when p and q are both true - correct answer False The statement below is an example of a _________________ truth function. Either Mac did it or Bud did it. - correct answer disjunction
This is an example of an alternate way to write a ____________________ truth function. Our conference lost more money this year despite the fact that twice as many people attended as last year. - correct answer conjunction This is an example of an alternate way to write a ____________________ truth function. He must have been extremely upset to have trashed his bicycle like that, or maybe he was just drunk. - correct answer disjunction This is an example of an alternate way to write a ____________________ truth function. Anyone who takes horoscopes seriously must be very gullible. - correct answer implication A _______________________ argument is an argument that, if its premises are true, then its conclusion must also be true - correct answer formally valid A valid argument cannot have true ___________ and a false ________________ - correct answer premises, conclusion In a valid argument, if we know that the conclusion of a valid argument is false, at least one of the __________________ must be false. - correct answer premises A valid argument is different from a sound argument in that the premises of a valid argument are not necessarily ________. - correct answer true An argument can be valid even if its premises are _______ - correct answer false If an argument has a valid argument form, then if its premises are ______, its conclusion must also be ______. - correct answer true, true
The four valid argument forms are: __________________________, ________________________, ______________________, and _________________________. - correct answer affirming the antecedent, denying the consequent, chain argument, disjunctive syllogism Affirming the antecedent is also referred to as __________________. - correct answer modus ponens Denying the consequent is also referred to as __________________. - correct answer modus tollens Chain argument is also referred to as ___________________. - correct answer hypothetical syllogism Affirming the antecedent follows the following structure: - correct answer 1.If p then q. 2.p. Therefore, q. Denying the consequent follows the following structure: - correct answer 1.If p then q. 2.not-q. Therefore, not-p. Chain argument follows the following structure: - correct answer 1.If p then q. 2.If q then r. Therefore, if p then r. Disjunctive syllogism follows the following structure: - correct answer 1.Either p or q. 2.not-p. Therefore, q. For practical reasons, if a negative statement appears in the first premise we symbolize it simply as ____. - correct answer p Label the following argument with p and q.
If the police knew that Jones had a motive for the crime, then he would be a suspect. And he is a suspect. Therefore, the police must know that he has a motive for the crime. - correct answer affirming the consequent
