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This review covers various pharmacological topics relevant to nursing practice, including medication delivery methods, psychiatric medication side effects, prescribing considerations for psychotropic drugs during lactation, hyponatremia symptoms, benzodiazepine tapering guidelines, first-line treatments for generalized anxiety disorder, the impact of herbal formulations on psychotropic medications, receptor activity and clinical effects, second-tier treatments for bipolar disorder, antidepressant side effects, prescribing rules for psychostimulants, common psychostimulant side effects, information on suicide and antidepressant use, bleeding risks with antidepressants, the nootropic cannabidiol, medication combinations for acute aggression, antidepressants with low sexual side effects, long-term benzodiazepine use, antipsychotic use in dementia, appropriate treatments for acute bipolar mania, mirtazapine side effects, risks associated with typical antipsychotics, treatment choices for n
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a.. common side effects about antidepressants - DRY MOUTH SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION DIZZINESS DECREASED OR INCREASED APPETITE DROWSINESS HEADACHE FATIGUE GI UPSET (NAUSEA)SLEEP DISTURBANCE
second line treatment for bipolar - oxcarbazepine bipolar treatment in depression - Antidepressant use may increase cycling, including precipitating mania. amygdala - brain structure plays a central role in the anxiety experience and has many reciprocal connections throughout the brain Lithium labs - → BUN/Cr, TSH/T4 electrolyte, Valproic acid - → LFT, CBC with platelets, Quetiapine - → Glucose, lipid profile, BMI, blood pressure, Carbamazepine - → CBC, LFT topamax for bipolar - side effect of cognitive dulling meds for acute bipolar mania - valporic acid, lamotrigine, lithium carbonate neuortransmitter in ramelteon - melatonin meds for bipolar depression - seroquel, lamotrigine, lithium, noradrenergic pathway in the brain which may be overactive in anxious subjects originates in the - locus coeruleus glutamate and NMDA receptors in alcohol addiction is true - Chronic alcohol consumption results in an upregulation of NMDA receptors and increased excitability in acute abstinence Problems with selective attention associated with ADHD are hypothetically regulated by the - anterior cingulate cortex anti-award system in substance abuse - Over time, substance use shifts from seeking the pleasurable effects of intoxication to avoiding of dysphoria associated with withdrawal states impulsivity and compulsion is true - Impulsivity and compulsion are modulated "top down" by the orbitoprefrontal cortex atomoxetine - treats ADHD in adults in children, SNRI
neurotransmitters in ADHD - dopamine and norepinephrine buprenorphine - preferred treatment for opioid maintenance therapy Methylphenidate - worsen tics haldol + lorazepam - acute aggression in those with dementia GI side effects - cholinesterase inhibitors beta blocker a good choice the treatment of aggression - Persistent aggression in the presence of neurocognitive deficits medication side effect mostly to result in aggression or violence is - akathisia Namenda (memantine) - Memantine is a NMDA receptor antagonist and is hypothesized to reduce abnormal activation of glutamate CVA and mortality - antipsychotics in elderly anticonvulsants in pregnancy - carry highest risk for congenital malformations