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PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The name selected by the original manufacturer based on the chemical structure of the drug is the? โ ANS Generic name The interaction of one drug increased by the presence of a second drug is known as ________. โ ANS Potentiation When 2 drugs given together have an effect equal to the sum of their respective effects, the interaction is known as _____________. โ ANS Additive Absorption, distribution, and excretion may be increased by which disease? โ ANS Hyperthyroidism When a drug is 50% protein bound, it means that _____________. โ ANS 50% of the dose is at work Safety of a drug is determined by the degree between... โ ANS Therapeutic and toxic doses When a drug binds to a receptor to produce a pharmacologic effect, the drug may be called an _____. โ ANS Agonist The extent to which a drug is absorbed and transported to target tissue is known as ______________. โ ANS Bioavailability Distribution is affected by __________. โ ANS Protein binding An unexpected effect of the drug is known as an _____________. โ ANS Adverse effect As an educated nurse, you know that the following are part of the 6 rights EXCEPT: Right dose, right route, right drug, right room. โ ANS Right room When performing an assessment about medication, the drug history should include: - ANS Administration of OTC medications The volume of SC medication must be no more than ____. - ANS1 mL Which of the following muscles is a possible site for IM injection: Outer aspects of hip, Shoulder, Vastus gluteus, Vastus lateralis โ ANS Vastus lateralis Possible IM injection sites : Ventrogluteal, deltoid, dorsogluteal, vests lateralis, and rectus femoris
When deciding on what time of the day to give medications, the nurse pays closest attention to the clients' habits regarding ______________. โ ANS Eating The clients ability to take oral medications will be hindered by ______________. โ ANS Dysphagia Which phase of the nursing process will determine interventions for a client on medications? โ ANS The diagnosis (this is the conclusion derived from the assessment, and the component that drives the interventions). When determining which medications can be used, which is most important? Physical examination, allergies, presence of illness, weight โ ANS Allergies Central venous access devices are beneficial in pediatric therapy because _________________. โ ANS The use of the arms is not restricted When considering the pharmacotherapeutic effects of drugs administered, the nurse considers which property of most importance? Efficacy Interactions with other drugs Potency Toxicity - ANSEfficacy; the max response achievable from a drug What are the 6 rights the nurse should know regarding pharmacology? โ ANS Right patient Right medication Right dose Right route Right time Right documentation Why must a nurse inform a patient of complications involving grapefruit juice? โ ANS Grapefruit juice decreases the activity of certain enzymes in the intestinal tract that normally breakdown medications, which leads to high concentrations of medicine in the bloodstream. These drugs include: certain sedative-hypnotic drugs antibiotics drugs that decrease blood cholesterol some antihistamines anti-fungal agents
Chemical All of the above โ ANS Therapeutic How a medication produces its effects in the body is referred to as a drug's ________________. โ ANS Mechanism of action In which of the following categories does a drug have only one name? โ ANS Chemical name Generic name The drug trade name is often called the _______ ________, suggesting ownership. โ ANS Proprietary name Are there real differences between brand name drugs and their generic equivalents? โ ANS Brand name drugs are sometimes preferred because of differences in bioavailability compared to generic equivalents What are some statements about a negative formulary list of trade name drugs? โ ANS It is a list of trade name drugs that cannot be substituted with generic drugs. The drugs on the list must be dispensed by the pharmacist using the drug's trade name as written on the prescription. It was formed because of concern over the bioavailability of generic drugs and possible adverse effects on patient outcomes. The drug schedule that allows therapeutic use of a drug with a prescription but contains drugs with relatively lower abuse and dependency potential than other scheduled drugs is ____________. โ ANS Schedule IV When preparing to administer medications to pregnant patient, nurses should know that their patients _________. โ ANS Are relatively safe if they take medications within pregnancy safety category B. A nurse enters the patient's room with medication along with a stethoscope, a fairly large-looking syringe, and container of water. In the course of administering the medication, the nurse will use all of these items. From your understanding of drug administration, which of the following routes will the nurse likely use? โ ANS Nasogastric (enteral) The nurse will not crush the extended-release medications ordered for his or patient because: - ANS Crushing alters the rate of absorption and medication delivery. The reason why it is necessary to aspirate (expel a breath) during an IM injection is to: - ANS Avoid placement of the needle into a blood vessel.
Which route of drug administration has the fastest onset of action? โ ANS Intravenous After checking the doctor's orders, the nurse notes that the medication is to be given immediately. This type of order is a: - ANS STAT order Which information is NOT listed in the medication administration record (MAR)? โ ANS Drug classification The abbreviation "qod" was read in a patient's chart by a nursing student. The student knows that: - ANS This abbreviation should not be used. Instead write out "every other day." Patients with liver disorder would most likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic phase? โ ANS Metabolism The patient asks the nurse why he or she must take his or her medication twice a day instead of just once. The nurse's best response would be: - ANS "Taking the medication twice a day ensures that maximum concentrations are maintained within the body." Which of the following principles are true about how medications work? For a drug to be effective, it must be potent For drug efficacy to occur, a lower dose must be administered Antagonists bind to receptors and produce responses to block agonists The agonist-receptor interaction causes a cellular response resulting in therapeutic action โ ANS Antagonists bind to receptors and produce responses to block agonists The agonist-receptor interaction causes a cellular response resulting in therapeutic action If a patient takes a medication on a full stomach, the medication will be ___________. โ ANS Absorbed more slowly When planning care for a patient, the nurse takes into consideration which of the following factors that could directly influence the effectiveness of the drugs that will be given? (Select all that apply) Drug-drug interactions Food-drug interactions Route of administration Time of administration within the day โ ANS Drug-drug interactions Food-drug interactions
The role of the LPN/LVN is to: - ANS Contribute to each phase of the process under the direction of the RN The nursing diagnosis statement is Insomnia related to anxiety as manifested by difficulty falling and staying asleep. The etiology of the problem is: - ANS Anxiety The patient is to be started on warfarin (Coumadin) therapy. It is important for the n use to check for the use of which herbs? (Select all that apply). Ginseng Ginger St. John's Wart Valerian - ANSGinseng Ginger St. John's Wart An example of a specialty supplement is: - ANS Lactobacillus acidophilus The nurse understands that specialty supplements are used: - ANS For treatment of a targeted condition The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act is responsible for: - ANS Ensuring that herbal products are labeled as "dietary supplements." The patient is admitted with digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity. The nurse checks for the use of which of the following herbal products? St. John's Wart Valerian Fish oil Ginseng โ ANS Ginseng The patient requests information on alternative treatments for her arthritis. The nurse provides the patient information on which of the following supplements? Garlic and soy Fish oil Chondroitin and glucosamine DHEA โ ANS Chondroitin and glucosamine Which of the following herbal products is commonly used to enhance the immune system? Soy Saw palmetto
Cranberry Echinacea โ ANS Echinacea (Echinacea is widely used to fight infections, especially the common cold, the flu, and other upper respiratory infections. Echinacea is also used against many other infections including urinary tract infections, vaginal yeast infections, herpes, HIV/AIDS, human papilloma virus (HPV), bloodstream infections (septicemia), tonsillitis, streptococcus infections, syphilis, typhoid, malaria, ear infection, swine flu, warts, and nose and throat infections called diphtheria.) The two most commonly abused drugs are: - ANS Alcohol and nicotine A patient has been admitted to the emergency room with a diagnosis of cocaine overdose. The nurse monitors the patient for: Irritability, restlessness, and abdominal cramping Dysrhythmias, convulsions, and stroke Insomnia, hallucinations, and tremors Delirium, extreme fatigue, hunger, and headaches โ ANS Dysrhythmias, convulsions, and stroke The patient requires a higher dose of the substance to produce the initial effect. The nurse recognizes this as: Toxicity Resistance Immunity Tolerance โ ANS Tolerance The patient has developed an opioid addiction. The nurse anticipates that which of the following medications will be used for opioid withdrawal? Methadone Heroin Diazepam (Valium) Alprazolam (Xanax) โ ANS Methadone The nurse recognizes that methylphenidate (Ritalin) (Stimulant; It can treat ADHD and narcolepsy.) is classified as a: - ANS Schedule II drug Examples of Schedule II narcotics include: hydromorphone (Dilaudid), methadone (Dolophine), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet), and fentanyl (Sublimaze, Duragesic).
***Barbiturates are drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, and can therefore produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to total anesthesia. They are also effective as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsant s. โ ANS Drowsiness, lack of muscle coordination, decreased respirations Physical dependence differs from psychological dependence in that with physical dependence: - ANS The patient exhibits signs of withdrawal after the drug is discontinued. The nurse educates the patient on disulfiram (Antabuse), explaining that: - ANS If alcohol is ingested, the patient may experience shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, and headache. Once tolerance develops to one substance, it often also occurs with use of closely related drugs. This reaction is known as _________. โ ANS Cross tolerance For example, a heroin addict will be tolerant to the analgesic effects of other opioids such as morphine or meperidine. Which drug nomenclature should you use when talking to the patient? - ANSGeneric name -This is the nonproprietary (nobody "owns") name -Assigned by the United States Council -Listed in pharmacology reference books Pharmacokinetics involves the: - ANS absorption distribution metabolism excretion Pharmacodynamics involves: - ANS drug-receptor interaction patient's functional state placebo effects Traditional Drug Therapies involve: - ANSBeing chemically produced in a laboratory Being routinely used by healthcare providers Which category has the highest abuse potential? โ ANS C-1 - CV
C-1 has the highest abuse potential; example: heroin Which category of medication is safest for pregnant women to take? โ ANS Category A; studies have not shown a risk to the fetus Examples: Ferranol Syntheroid KCL Prenatal multivitamins Proloid The concentration of a drug at its target site is dependent upon what 2 factors? โ ANS Bioavailability of the drug after metabolism Cell membrane permeability Administration of a drug is based on the premise of a ___________. โ ANS Cause and effect relationship ***No perfect drug. All drugs have the potential to harm. 5 mL is equal to - ANS1 teaspoon 15 mL is equal to - ANS1 tablespoon 30 mL is equal to - ANS1 ounce 240 mL is equal to - ANS8 ounces or 1 cup/glass 500 mL is equal to - ANS1 pint 1,000 mL is equal to - ANS1 Liter or 1 quart (large IV bag) 1 kg is equal to - ANS2.2 lbs 1 mg is equal to - ANS1/60 grain CC is the same as - ANSmL "bid" means - ANSTwice per day "gtt" - ANSDrop "qid" - ANSFour times per day
