Pharmacology NURS 251 Module 8 Exam: Pain Management, Inflammation, and Mental Health, Exams of Pharmacology

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PHARMACOLOGY NURS 251 MODULE 8 EXAM

PORTAGE LEARNING

1. What is the therapeutic effect of an analgesic within the body? Ans> Pain relief
2. What is the general term used to describe medications that relieve pain? Ans> - Analgesics
3. Select the false statement regarding key terms related to pain and the treatment of pain -Acute pain comes on suddenly and lasts no more than 6 weeks -Chronic pain is much more difficult to treat.

-Physical dependence to analgesics is characterized by the need to use the drugs despite the harm they may cause. -Tolerance induces changes in the drug receptors over time that decrease its therapeutic effect

Ans> Physical dependence to analgesics is characterized by the need to use the drugs despite the harm they may cause

4. Select the true statement regarding key terms related to pain and the treatment of pain.

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Ans> Tolerance induces changes in the drug receptors over time that decrease its therapeutic effect

5. Name the three main therapeutic effects of NSAIDs Ans> analgesia, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory
6. Name the class of analgesic that also possesses anti inflammatory and antipyretic activity. Ans> NSAIDs
7. T/F; Opioids act on mu, kappa, and delta receptors. Ans> True
8. T/F; Opioids medications act solely on the mu opioid receptors within

tions Ans> Symptoms include widespread pain with fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues

12. Select the false statement regarding fibromyalgia.

-- Ans> It is thought to be caused by the development of tolerance to pain medication

13. Name the one meperidine-like opioid other than meperidine. Ans> Fentanyl
14. T/F; Constipation is a common side effect associated with opioids; how- ever it is known to dissipate over time. Ans> False
15. Name an opioid that is considered more potent than morphine? Ans> Fentanyl
16. Select the true statement below.

-Oxycodone is commonly used in prescription cough suppressants -Methadone is primarily used to treat addiction -Hydromorphone is twice as potent as morphine

-Morphine is available in a 72-hour topical patch. Ans> Methadone is primarily used to treat addiction

17. Put the following opioids in order from least potent to most potent.

Fentanyl, Hydrocodone, Methadone

Ans> Hydrocodone, Methadone, Fentanyl

18. T/F; When people die from an opioid overdose it is usually related to respiratory depression. Ans> True
19. Describe the most common clinical use of naltrexone Ans> Treat opioid overdose
20. Select the false statement regarding NSAIDs.

-There are over 23 different NSAIDs available on the market -They are commonly used to treat arthritis, joint pain, and headache -Celecoxib is selective for COX- -Ibuprofen is also known as Advil or Aleve Ans> Ibuprofen is also known as Advil or Aleve

21. Select the true statement regarding NSAIDs.

-- Ans> There are over 23 different NSAIDs available on the marke

22. Fill in the paragraph below with the following terms prostaglandin, arachi- donic acid, leukotriene, histamine, cyclooxygenase ( point each)

The first response of the body is to release 1. from phos- pholipids in the cell membrane. It can then be metabolized by two differ- ent pathways the 2. pathway or the leukotriene pathway. The ultimate effects of both of these pathways is inflammation, edema,

permeability. -Bradykinin is released, causing vasodilation and pain.

26. Which of the following statements is true regarding the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

-COX-1 has been shown to have a primary role in the inflammation pathway -Aspirin reversibly binds to COX-1 receptors within platelets -COX-1 has a role maintaining an intact GI tract -Salicylates primarily inhibit the leukotriene pathway Ans> COX-1 has a role main- taining an intact GI tract

27. Select the serious adverse effect that is not associated with chronic NSAID use.

-GI bleeds -Renal failure -Liver failure -Increased risk of stroke Ans> Liver failure

28. Select the serious adverse effect that is associated with chronic NSAID use.

-- Ans> Renal failure

29. Name the medication that is specifically indicated for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Ans> Milnacipran
30. Name the neurotransmitter that is thought to play a role in the mechanism of action of gabapentin in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Ans> Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
31. .Name the medication that is thought to treat neuropathic pain by building up GABA in the brain. Ans> Gabapentin
32. List three examples of neurotransmitters that are thought to play an impor- tant role in maintaining mental health. Ans> serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine
33. Name the term used to describe the endogenous chemicals that conduct nerve impulses between nerve cells and are thought to be play a role in maintaining mental health. Ans> Neurotransmitters
34. Match the mental health disorder with the correct description (1 point each)

-Anxiety -Depression -Bipolar Disorder

36. Name the drug class that can be used to treat alcohol withdrawal Ans> Benzod- pazepines
37. Benzodiazepines are primarily used to treat anxiety. List at least one other use for benzodiazepines. Ans> Insomnia
38. Select the false statement regarding the treatment of anxiety.

-Benzodiazepines do not need be taken daily to have their full effect. -Buspirone needs to be taken daily to have its full effect -Benzodiazepines are a schedule IV Controlled substance -Buspirone is a schedule IV Controlled substance Ans> Buspirone is a schedule IV Controlled substance

39. Select the drug that would not be an appropriate treatment choice for a patient with bipolar disorder.

-Lithium -Lamotrigine -Lurasidone -Lorazepam Ans> Lorazepam

40. Match the medication with its mechanism of action (1 point each)

-Lithium -Topiramate

-Apriprazole

Ans> -Sodium ion transport is altered which alters the metabolism of both dopamine and norepinephrine -Work by stabilizing neurons, preventing excessive nerve impulses -Block dopamine receptors in the brain

41. What mood stabilizer requires drug levels to be monitored? Ans> Lithium
42. Name the neurotransmitter that the majority of the second-generation antidepressants target. Ans> Serotonin
43. Name the class of medications that is known to work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Ans> Antipsychotics
44. Match the class of antidepressant with the correct medication.

-Tricyclic antidepressants -MAOIs -SSRIs -SNRIs Ans> - Nortriptyline

• Phenelzine

chotics at treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Ans> True

51. T/F; Only atypical antipsychotics are able to impact the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Ans> False
52. Describe how the atypical antipsychotics differ from the conventional antipsychotics in their mechanism of action. Ans> The newer, atypical antipsychotics are more selective in the dopamine blockade targeting a specific dopamine receptor, dopamine 2 (D2). This more targeted mechanism leads to an improved efficacy and safety profile.
53. Select the false statement regarding mental illness.

-Antipsychotics are very targeted for dopamine receptors and impact other receptors minimally -The atypical antipsychotics have a better side effect profile than conventional antipsychotics. -Negative symptoms of schizophrenia have a larger role in disrupting patient's lives -Antipsychotics have some efficacy in treating non-psychotic conditions like depression, bipolar, and autism. Ans> Antipsychotics are very targeted for dopamine receptors and impact other receptors minimally

54. Match the side effect with the correct medication.

-EPS -Metabolic Syndrome -Decrease seizure threshold Ans> -Fluphenazine -Olanzapine -Bupropion

55. Match the side effect with the correct description.

-EPS -Tardive Dyskenesia -NMS Ans> -Akathisia -Involuntary movement of the lips, jaw, and extremities -Fever, cardiovascular instability and muscle breakdown

56. Select the incorrect statement

-Atypical antipsychotics can cause metabolic syndrome -Aripiprazole can be used to treat autism -Trazodone is known to have sedative qualities

-Topiramate carries the risk of Stevens Johnson syndrome. Ans> Topiramate carries the risk of Stevens Johnson syndrome

57. Match the class of mental health medication with the adverse events.

-Conventional antipsychotics

-Cardiac dysrhythmia, slurred -Weight gain, increased lipids -Sexual dysfunction -Lower seizure threshold, urinary retention