Pharmacology NURS 251 Module 7 Exam (2025 / 2026) portage learning/Geneva College, Exams of Pharmacology

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PHARMACOLOGY NURS 251 MODULE 7 EXAM

PORTAGE LEARNING

1. What type of gastric acid is released by the parietal cells? Ans> Hydrochloric acid
2. Name the cells responsible for the release of Hydrochloric acid in the stomach? Ans> Parietal cells
3. Select the substance below that is a major stimulator for the release of gastric juices.

-Acetylcholine -HCl -Substance P -Serotonin Ans> Acetylcholine

4. Describe the role of gastrin in the release of gastric acid.

Ans> -It binds to target receptors, stimulating histamine and HCl release. -Histamine and H2 receptors bind together on parietal cells. -More Hcl or gastric acid released.

5. Describe the role of acetylcholine in the release of gastric acid. Ans> ACh binds to receptors, promotion of gastric acid release
6. Name the type of bacteria that is the primary cause of peptic ulcers Ans> H. Pylori
7. A patient has been diagnosed with a peptic ulcer not caused by bacteria. Select the drug below least likely to have played a part in causing this cancer.

-Ibuprofen -Aspirin -Amoxicillin -Naproxen Ans> Amoxicillin

8. T/F; The pain associated with duodenal ulcers is often relieved with food. Ans> - True

-Amoxicillin -Levofloxacin -Clarithromycin -Tetracycline Ans> Levofloxacin

14. T/F; "Quadruple therapy" refers to a treatment regimen for peptic ulcers including antibiotics, bismuth, and H2 antagonists. Ans> False
15. Misoprostol is specifically used for ulcers caused by the. Ans> - NSAIDs
16. What is the name of the medication that is only indicated for NSAID induced ulcers? Ans> Misoprostol
17. Name the two primary classes of antisecretory drugs used in the manage- ment of GERD. Ans> H2 receptor antagonists, PPIs
18. Select a lifestyle modification that would likely improve the symptoms of a patient suffering from frequent heartburn.

-Smoking cessation -Increased caffeine intake -Increased Stress -Weight gain Ans> Smoking cessation

19. T/FL Misoprostol is contradicted for use during pregnancy. Ans> True
20. T/F; The development of PPIs has essentially made the use H antagonists for the treatment of GERD obsolete. Ans> False
21. Which H2 receptor antagonist has been associated with the most drug interactions, limiting its use? Ans> Cimetidine
22. What is the primary limitation of the H2 antagonist cimetidine? Ans> Altering metabolism to increases drug levels
23. Using the mechanism of action in your answer, explain why PPIs are superior to H2 blockers in their effectiveness in acid reduction. Ans> -PPIs inhibit hydrogen/potassium exchange, producing HCl. -So, No acid formation is possible

-H2 receptors inhibit HCl secretion but do not prevent HCl formation

24. Omeprazole may decrease the effects of which antiplatelet medication? Ans> - Clopidogrel
25. List three potential limitations or negative effects of omeprazole. Ans> -Increase warfarin and anti-seizure medication absorption -Decrease clopidogrel effects -Alter medication absorption that require acidic environments

-Lopramide -Lactobacillus acidophilus Ans> -Bind causative substance -Slowing peristalsis -Inhibit motility by acting on smooth muscle cells -Restore normal flora

32. Select the incorrect statement regarding adsorbent antidiarrheals and drug interactions.

-They have no known drug interactions -They are known to decrease the effectiveness of digoxin by decreasing its absorption. They are known to increase the effectiveness of warfarin. -They decrease the effectiveness of hypoglycemic drugs. Ans> They have no known drug interactions

33. T/F; Diarrhea is often caused by other drugs. Ans> True
34. Which type of laxative is safe to use long-term? Ans> Bulk forming

35. Select the drug class that is NOT commonly associated with causing constipation.

-Anticholinergics -Calcium containing antacids -Emollients -Opiate analgesics Ans> Emollients

36. Match the drug with the appropriate class of naxative.

-Psyllium -Docusate Sodium -Lactulose -Magnesium hydroxide -Senna Ans> -Bulk-Forming -Stool Softener -Hyperosmotic -Saline -Stimulant

37. A patient is in need of relief from their constipation quickly. Select the laxative with the fastest onset of action.

-Psyllium -Glycerin -Citrucel

-Serotonin -Substance K Ans> Substance K

40. What are the two areas within the brain directly involved in the processes of nausea and vomiting? Ans> Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone, Vomiting Center
41. Select the correct description of how metoclopramide works to inhibit nausea and vomiting.

-Stimulate peristalsis through ACh receptors and block dopamine receptors -Blocking the 5- HT3 receptors in the GI tracts -Block ACh from binding to vestibular nuclei receptors -Bind to and block H1 receptors preventing ACh from acting Ans> Stimulate peristal- sis through ACh receptors and block dopamine receptors

42. Select the correct description of how ondansetron works to inhibit nausea and vomiting.

-Stimulate peristalsis through ACh receptors and block dopamine receptors. -Blocking the 5-HT3 receptors in the GI tracts -Block ACh from binding to vestibular nuclei receptors -Bind to and block H1 receptors preventing ACh from acting Ans> Blocking the 5-HT3 receptors in the GI tracts

43. Name the antimetic that was traditionally used for its antipsychotic ef- fects. Ans> Promethazine
44. Name the class of antiemetic that has played a major role in treating nausea

and vomiting associated with chemotherapy and radiation. Ans> Serotonin Blockers

45. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding nausea and vomit- ing?

-Anticholinergics work well in combination with metoclopramide -Aprepitant is commonly used to treat nausea associated with pregnancy -Promethazine is known to have side effects such as slurred speech, tremor, muscle rigidity -The antihistamines used to treat nausea are targeting H2 receptor Ans> Promet- hazine is known to have side effects such as slurred speech, tremor, muscle rigidity

46. Describe the pathophysiology of the sensation of nausea. Include the terms Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone and Vomiting Center in your answer. Ans> -The body detects nauseating substances. -Neurotransmitters are sent to the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). -The CTZ sends neurotransmitters to the vomiting center.