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Sat Pharmacology Made Easy 5.0 Introduction to Pharmacology Test © CLOSE Question: 1o0f25 |< connect Time Remaining: 16:39:24 A nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty remembering to take their prescribed medication three times each day. The nurse should identify that which of the following alternate forms of the medication can help to promote adherence to the prescribed dosage? Liquid susp: INCORRECT Absorption is rapid for medications in a liquid form. Clients must take them at relatively frequent intervals. mmediate-rele INCORRECT Absorption is rapid for medications in an immediate-release form. Clients must take them at relatively frequent intervals. © extended-release tablet comscr ym Extended-release tablets release the medication over an extended period of time. Clients can take them less frequently, Powder form INCORRECT Absorption is rapid for medications in a powder form. Clients must take them at relatively frequent intervals. Question: 2 of 25 “<> CORRECT Time Remaining: 16:38:23 FLAG Anurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client. In which of the following sections of a medication resource should the nurse look to determine if the client can receive the medication? INCORRECT The nurse should review the adverse effects and side effects section in the medication resource to review possible reactions the client might experience while taking the medication. ~ Contraindications CORRECT a The nurse should review the contraindications section in the medication handbook to determine if a client can receive the medication. This section lists preexisting diseases or clinical situations that could make it unsafe to administer a medication. \) Implementation INCORRECT The nurse should review the implementation section of the medication resource to review specific nursing considerations when administering the medication. ©) Boxed warning INCORRECT The nurse should review the boxed warning section of the medication resource to find alerts and information about severe adverse effects associated with a medication and ways to reduce harm to the client. Question: 4 of 25 "<> CORRECT Time Remaining: 16:36:47 FLAG Anurse is caring for a client who is taking diphenhydramine for insomnia and reports drowsiness. The nurse should identify that drowsiness indicates which of the following? Drowsiness is a therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine for a client who is taking the medication to treat insomnia. Adverse reaction INCORRECT An adverse reaction is an unexpected or dangerous result of using a medication. Contraindication INCORRECT Acontraindication is a reason that a medication is withheld for a client due to the risk for causing harm, Contraindications are usually related to preexisting client conditions, such as allergies, diseases, or organ failure. Precaution INCORRECT Precautions are noted prior to administering a medication and indicate a need to implement closer monitoring after medication administration or the need to give a reduced dose. Question: 5 of 25 “— cORRECT Time Remaining: 16:36:06 Anurse is caring for a client who is taking acetaminophen and codeine for pain relief. These analgesic medications interact with one another to ive effect. The nurse should identify that which of the following are characteristics of additive medication interactions? (Select all cause an ad that apply.) Coes eee se eess es eevreseesresreoseseeseseoseseoseseosese Clients can achieve desired effects with the use of lower dosages. OO Taking thi CO Taking the two medications together can potentiate the 1 The two medi EZ Both n SS CORRECT me Clients can achieve desired effects with the use of lower dosages is correct. When two or more medications are given at the same time and have similar actions, an additive effect will occur. Clients can take some medications together for their additive effects, so they can take lower doses of each medication. n reduce the effects of one or both medications or both medicati ations can produce an action neither would have produced alone. edications have similar actions. ns together can reduce the effects of one or both medications is incorrect. Medications that interact together to cause reduced Taking the two medicat effects are antagonistic. Taking the two medications together can potentiate the effects of one or both medications is incorrect. Medications that interact together to cause greatly increased effects are synergistic. The two medications can produce an action neither would have produced alone is incorrect. Two medications given together can produce a unique effect neither would have produced when taken alone. However, this is not an additive effect. Both medications have similar actions is correct. Additive effects occur when two or more medications with similar actions are taken at the same time. Question: 7 of 25 “> CORRECT Time Remaining: 16:34:18 FLAG Anurse is reviewing a medication resource prior to administering a medication to a client who has kidney disease. The handbook states that the medication can be administered but identifies certain risks. Which of the following terms describes these risks? INCORRECT Contraindications are preexisting disease states or clinical situations that make a medication unsafe for a client to take. © Precautions connor an A precaution includes disease states, such as kidney disease, or clinical situations in which use of a medication involves particular risks or dosage modification might be necessary. ) Paradoxical effects INCORRECT Paradoxical effects are the opposite of the intended or desired effect of a medication, such as a medication intended to aid with sedation causing increased excitability in certain clients. Adverse e' INCORRECT An adverse effect is an unexpected or unintended effect of a medication, which can range from annoying to life-threatening. Question: 8 of 25 "> CORRECT Time Remaining: 16:33:29 Anurse is caring for a client who is postpartum and breastfeeding. The client asks the nurse about the effects that taking over-the-counter medications will have on her newborn. Which of the following should the nurse consider when recommending a medication for the client? (Select all that apply.) The newborn's weight EZ How much breast milk the newborn co! ach day Whether or not the benefits to the client outweigh the risks to the newborn nedicatior Oo The route of administration of the medication SS comet The newborn's weight is correct. The nurse should consider the weight of the newborn when recommending a medication for a client who is breastfeeding. The lower the newborn's weight, the greater the effects of the medication absorbed via breastmilk will be to the newborn. How much breast milk the newborn consumes each day is correct. The nurse should consider the amount of breast milk the newborn consumes per day when. recommending a medication for a client who is breastfeeding. The more breast milk the newborn consumes, the more of the medication is likely to be absorbed into the newborn's circulation, Whether or not the benefits to the client outweigh the risks to the newborn is correct. The nurse should weigh the benefits against the risks when recommending a medication for a client who is breastfeeding. If the benefits will be minimal, it is generally not worth the risk to the newborn. The properties of the medication is correct. The nurse should consider the properties of the medication when recommending a medication for a client who is breastfeeding, Certain medications can transfer more easily into breast milk, depending on properties like fat solubility. The route of administration of the medication is incorrect. Over-the-counter medications are available in various enteral and topical forms. Any medication, regardless of route, that has the potential for systemic absorption poses a potential risk to a newborn who is being breastfed. Question: 10 of 25 "<> CORRECT Time Remaining: 16:32:19 FLAG Anurse is caring for a client who was prescribed an antidepressant based on its ability to prevent the reuptake of neurotransmitters. The nurse should identify that which of the following terms describes why this medication was prescribed for the client? D Pharmacolog conc oan The nurse should identify that the mechanism of action of a medication on the body to achieve the desired effect is referred to as pharmacologic ic action action. Chemical stability INCORRECT The nurse should identify that knowledge of how a medication should be stored and handled to maintain maximum effectiveness is referred to as chemical stability. Route Route INCORRECT The nurse should identify that route refers to the method of administering the medication, such as oral, topical, or parenterally. ) Adverse effects INCORRECT The nurse should identify that adverse effects refer to the unintended and undesired effects that medications have on the body, which can range from annoying to life-threatening. Question: 11 of 25 /<>/conREcT) Time Remaining: 16:31:17 FLAG Anurse is obtaining a client's health history. The client reports no allergies but has experienced mi Which of the following responses should the nurse make? "Itching is an expected adverse INCORRECT Itching is not an expected adverse effect of amoxicillin. ) "Itching can indicate amoxicillin toxicity." INCORRECT Itching does not indicate amoxicillin toxicity. g can indicate a hypersensitivity to amoxicillin.” “CORRECT My Answer Itching can be an indication of medication hypersensitivity, and a more severe allergic reaction can develop with future exposures. The client might be allergic to amoxicillin and other penicillins. _) "itching can result from dry skin, which is often caused by amoxicillin." INCORRECT Dry skin is not an adverse effect of amoxicillin. Question: 13 of 25 /&5 connect) Time Remaining: 1:30:35 FLAG Anurse is reviewing medications in a medication reference. The nurse should identify that medications in the same class share which of the following similarities? They have similar mechanisms of actions. [CORRECT wy pre Medications in the same class often share similar mechanisms of action, as well as assessment guidelines, interactions, and precautions. _) They have the same half-life INCORRECT Medications in the same class do not necessarily have the same half-life, ) They are administered by the same route. INCORRECT Medications in the same class are not necessarily administered by the same route. They have similar availability. INCORRECT Medications in the same class do not necessarily have the same availability. Question: 14 of 25 |< CORRECT Time Remaining: 16:30:13 FLAG Anurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client. In which of the following sections of a medication resource should the nurse look to determine if the medication has more than one use? eo es eer eee esr ses eeoesr scores sores soe esr seeosesr eos ese orate Adverse effect: INCORRECT This section categorizes the adverse effects of a medication. © indications = comcr wv The indications section provides information on conditions and diseases for which the medication is used. Pharmacokinetics INCORRECT The pharmacokinetics section outlines how the drug is processed in the body through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, but it does not address the disease or conditions that the medication is used to treat. Nursing implications INCORRECT The nursing implications section explains how the nurse will apply the nursing process to the use of the medication Question: 16 of 25 |< CORRECT Time Remaining: 16:29:23 (®) FLAG Anurse is caring for a client who is receiving nitroglycerin IV and is switching to the oral form of the medication. The nurse should identify that the oral dose will be higher than the IV dose for which of the following reasons? ) The IV form crosses the blood-brain barrier. INCORRECT This is not the reason why the oral dose is higher than the IV dose for nitroglycerin. Both the IV and oral forms of nitroglycerin, a lipid-soluble medication, can cross the blood-brain barrier. The oral form has a decreased half-life. INCORRECT This is not the reason why the oral dose is higher than the IV dose for nitroglycerin. The method of administration does not affect the half-life of a medication, which is the amount of time it takes for the body to eliminate half of the medication. © the oral form has decreased bioavailability because of the first-pass effect FP CORRECT eye Oral doses are often larger than IV doses of the same medication because of the first-pass effect by the liver, which reduces the bioavailability of the drug, Enzymes in the liver metabolize medications, making less of the medication available for use by the body. The oral form has an increased rate of excretior INCORRECT This is not the reason why the oral dose is higher than the IV dose for nitroglycerin. The rate of excretion of IV and oral medications are generally the same. Question: 17 of 25 |&5! conkEcT) FLAG A nurse is preparing to teach a client about their newly prescribed medications. The nurse should identify that which of the following factors can decrease the client's ability to learn? (Select all that apply.) impaired cognitive level nguage barrier nfort titi Unreadiness to learn SconnEct one Impaired cognitive level is correct. A lack of understanding due to impaired cognitive and developmental levels can decrease the client's ability to learn. The nurse should adjust instructional methods to accommodate the client's developmental or cognitive level. n of teaching Language barrier is correct. if the nurse and the client speak different languages, this can affect the client's ability to learn. The nurse should provide written information in the language the client speaks and make arrangements for finding an interpreter if necessary. Discomfort is correct. A client who is uncomfortable is not able to learn optimally. The nurse should ensure that the client is comfortable prior to giving instructions. Repetition of teaching is incorrect. Repeating important facts frequently and allowing clients to practice new skills often enhances learning. Unreadiness to learn is correct. A client's readiness to learn is an essential part of the client's ability to learn. For example, a client who is experiencing denial or distress is not ready to learn Question: 19 of 25 “> CORRECT Time Remaining: 16:26:01 Anurse is caring for a client who is newly admitted to the facility for chest pain. At which of the following times should the nurse begin teaching about medications and discharge planning? After the client has a definitive diagnosis INCORRECT Instruction should begin before confirmation of the diagnosis. K Ont ay of dischar INCORRECT Instruction should begin before discharge to maximize the chance for the client to learn. When the client's family members are present INCORRECT Family members can participate, but the nurse should not delay instruction until family members arrive. Instruction should start at the beginning of care and when the client is receptive to learning. Question: 20 of 25 <> CORRECT | Time Remaining; 16:25:13 FLAG Anurse is teaching a client about naproxen ente coated tablets. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? ee ee eee ee oor er oer ee ORE HOHE HORSE HOF HEHE OHF RHE HOF EE EOF HOS Medication abst nN occurs in the s' INCORRECT Enteric-coated tablets are absorbed in the small intestine. You should expect immediate bsorption of the medication.” INCORRECT Enteric coating slows the absorption of the medication. should allow the tablet o dissolve in your mou INCORRECT Dissolving an enteric-coated tablet in the mouth destroys its protective coating, a Do not crush or chew the tablet." cont om Medications that irritate the stomach are often covered with an enteric coating that does not dissolve until the medication enters the alkaline environment of the small intestine. Clients should not crush or chew enteric-coated medications because this will damage the enteric coating. 
