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Pharmacology Lecture Notes In-class activity
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What the drug does to the body; - Pharmacodynamics change the physical properties of a part of the body; chemically combine with other substances; binding to a receptor site; - Three general ways drugs work; A group of macromolecules through which drugs act; - Drug Receptor A molecule that binds to another molecule [i.e. hormones, neurotransmitters, many drugs] - Ligand What are the four primary receptor families? - Cell membrane- embedded enzyme; Ligand gated channels; G Protein-coupled receport systems; Transcription Factors __________ is proportional to the number of receptors occupied by drugs (usually up to a point). - Intensity of response ___________ occurs when a drug produces the largest response it can. (giving more of the drug does not produce more result.) - Maximal Response This type of enzyme spans the cell membrane with the binding site outside and the catalytic site inside. [i.e. insulin] - Cell Membrane Embedded Enzyme One method to regulate the flow of ions out of cells. Crucial for the transmission of the nerve signal across synaptic cleft. [i.e. receptor for acetylcholine] - Ligand Gated Ion Channels
Primary receptor family that consists of three components: receptor, G proteins, effector. [receptor for Epinephrine] - G Protein-Coupled Receptor System Receptors located within the cell nucleus; have the ability to directly bind to DNA and regulate the expression of adjacent genes; [i.e. receptor for steroid hormones] - Nuclear Receptors The amount of drug that we must give to elicit an effect as compared to another drug; - Relative Potency ________ refers to the ability of a drug to activate a receptor upon binding; the higher the __________ the more intense the activation. - Intrinsic activity _________ refers to the strength of attraction between a drug and its receptor. - Affinity _________ drugs bind to receptors and mimic the action of endogenous regulatory molecules. [i.e. morphine] - Agonist _________ produce their effects by preventing activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and/or agonists drugs. [i.e. naloxone] - Antagonist Two major classes of antagonists; - Competitive antagonists; noncompetitive antagonists; Within the body - Endogenous A drug that binds to a particular type of receptor without activating it but in such a way as to prevent the binding of the agonist. - Competitive antagonist A drug that binds to a particular type of receptor causing deformity in the receptor site, preventing an agonist from binding to that site. Has a longer lasting effect. - Noncompetitive antagonist