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Pharmacology |\final |\exam |(Galen) |\
QUESTIONS |\WITH |\ANSWERS |\ 2025
Aminoglycosides |"mycins" |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Gentamicin Aminoglycosides |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Gram |\negative |
sepsis, |\many |\life-threatening |\infections, |\inactive |\against |\anaerobic |
bacteria Aminoglycosides |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔GI |\upset, |
rash, |\visual |\disturbances, |\PHOTOSENSITIVITY, |\dizziness, |\weakness Aminoglycosides |\Adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Nausea/diarrhea |\OTOTOXIC |\and |\NEPHROTOXIC loop |\diuretics |\increase |\ototoxicity, |\SUPERINFECTION Aminoglycosides |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Monitor |\BUN |( |\10-20 |\normal) |\Creatinine |(0.5-1.2) Monitor |\I&O should |\not |\be |\given |\more |\than |\ 10 |\days |
obtain |\C&S |\BEFORE |\starting |\drug
Penicillin |"cillins" |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Amoxicillin |\and |\ampicillin Penicillin |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔BROAD |\SPECTRUM |\PCN |- |\to |\treat |\gram |+ |\and |\gram |-, |\commonly |\used |\for |\respiratory |
infections, |\otitis |\media, |\H. |\Pylori, |\E. |\Coli Penicillin |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔GI |\disturbance, |
headaches, |\rash, |\stomatitis |(mouth |\ulcers), |\dizziness, |\anxiety, |
confusion Penicillin |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Thrombocytopenia, |\leukopenia, |\Angioedema, |\hepatotoxicity Penicillin |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔decrease |
effectiveness |\of |\oral |\contraceptives, |\assess |\for |\allergies |\to |
cephalosporins, |\asthma, |\renal |\impairment LAB |\montior: |\ALT |(4-36 |\normal), |\AST |( |\0-35 |\normal), |\BUN |(10-20 |
normal), |\creatinine |(0.5-1.2 |\normal) |\monitor |\for |\bleeding Obtain |\C&S |\BEFORE |\starting |\drug Cephalosporins |"cefs" |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Ceftriaxone |\and |
cefpodoxime
Tetracycline |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔GI |\upset, |
PHOTOSENSIVITY Tetracycline |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Discolors |\teeth |\permanently |\if |\given |\to |\children |\under |\ 8 |\yrs Tetracycline |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Milk |
products |\prevent |\absorption, |\decrease |\oral |\contraceptive |
effectiveness, |\AVOID |\ANTACIDS, |\IRON LABS |- |\liver |\enzymes |- |\ALP |(30-120 |\normal), |\ALT |(4-36 |\normal), |\AST |
(0-35 |\normal), |\BUN |( |\10-20 |\normal), |\creatinine |(0.5-1.2 |\normal) |
obtain |\C&S |\BEFORE |\starting |\drug Macrolides |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Erythromycin |\and |\azithromycin Macrolides |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔to |\treat |\Otitis |\Media, |
STD's, |\skin |\infections, |\and |\respiratory |\infections Macrolides |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔PHOTOSENSITIVTY, |
headache, |\GI |\upset, |\Blurred |\vision, |\rash Macrolides |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Hepatoxicity, |
SUPERINFECTION, |\STEVEN-JOHNSON |-SYNDROME
Macrolides |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔No |
meals |\ 1 |\hour Sulfonamides |"sulfa" |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Sulfisoxasole, |
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Sulfonamides |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Respiratory |
infections, |\UTI's, |\Otitis |\media, |\MRSA, |\gastroenteritis, |\E. |\Coli Sulfonamides |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔PHOTOSENSITIVITY, |\anorexia, |\headaches, |\vertigo, |\weakness, |
insomnia Sulfonamides |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔angioedema, |
thrombocytopenia, |\hyperkalemia, |\hypoglycemia, |\Steven-Johnson- syndrome, |\renal |\failure Sulfonamides |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Monitor |\I&O |\and |\increase |\fluids, |\2000ml/day, |\decrease |
effectiveness |\of |\oral |\contraceptive, |\caution |\with |\DM, |\pregnant |
women, |\hypothyriodism Obtain |\C&S |\BEFORE |\starting |\drug Peptides |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Metronidazole
Glycopeptides |\Adverse |\Effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔OTOTOXIC, |
NEPHROTOXIC, |\severe |\hypotension, |\tachycardia Glycopeptides |\Nursing |\Considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Monitor |\serum |\levels. |"red |\man |\syndrome" |\associated |\with |\rapid |\IV |\administration, |\Steven-Johnson |\Syndrome antivirial |\agents |(Anti-herpes |\agent) |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Acyclovir |(Zovirax) Antiviral |\agents |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔initial |& |\recurrent |\genital |\herpes, |\herpes |\simplex, |\shingles, |\shortens |\herpes |\episodes Antiviral |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Gi |\upset, |\headaches, |
tremors, |\agitation, |\rash, |\lethargy Antiviral |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Renal |\failure, |
paresthesia's |\neuropathy, |\blood |\dyscrasia antiviral |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Hydration |
Important |\to |\prevent |\renal |\crystal |\formation. |\Topical |\route |- |\wear |
gloves/prevent |\spreading, |\monitor |\CBC
Antifungal |\agents |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Nystatin |(candida |
albicans) Miconazole |(athlete's |\foot, |\jock |\itch) Antifungal |\agents |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Candidiasis |
(thrush) |\GI |& |\vaginal |\yeast |\infections Antifungal |\agents |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔GI |\upset, |
dyspepsia Antifugal |\agents |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Superinfection, |\hyperglycemia, |\Steven-johnson |\syndrome, |
BRONCHOSPASMS antifungal |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Given |
topically |\or |\orally for |\thrush: |"Swish |\and |\swallow" Antifungal |\agents |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Fluconazole Antifungal |(Fluconazole) |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Candidiasis, |\system |\fungal |\infections |\prophylaxis |\for |\patients |
undergoing |\BMT
antacids |\decrease |\effectiveness, |\decrease |\oral |\contraceptive |
effectiveness, |\increase |\fluids urinary |\analgesic |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Phenazopyridine Urinary |\analgesic |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔To |\relieve |
urinary |\pain, |\burning |\sensation, |\frequency |\related |\to |\cystitis Urinary |\analgesic |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Turns |\urine |
harmless |\reddish-orange, |\can |\cause |\discoloration |\of |\contact |\lenses, |
GI |\upset, |\abdominal |\cramps Urinary |\analgesic |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Renal |
and |\hepatic |\dysfunction Urinary |\analgesic |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Not |\for |\long |\term |\use |\for |\undiagnosed |\UTI |\pain Fluoroquinolones |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Ciprofloxin |(Cipro) Levofloxacin Fluoroquinolones |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Systemic |
infections, |\urinary |\infections, |\lower |\respiratory |\tract, |\skin, |\bone, |\or |
joint |\infections, |\STD's
Fluoroquinolones |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔GI |\upset, |
dizziness, |\rash, |\depression, |\PHOTOSENSITIVITY, |\weakness Fluoroquinolones |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔SUPERINFECTION, |\Steven-Johnson |\Syndrome, |
THROMBOCYTOPENIA, |\NEPHROTOXICITY, |\HEPATOTOXICITY, |\ICP, |
tendon |\rupture |(rare), |\peripheral |\neuropathy Fluoroquinolones |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔CONTRAINDICATED |\in |\pediatric |\patients, |\LIVER |\disease, |\renal |
failure, |\RA, |\Cardiac |\dysrhythmia, |\MG Antiemetic- |\Phenothiazine |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Promethazine Antiemetic- |\Phenothiazine |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Motion |
sickness, |\nausea, |\vomiting, |\and |\sedation |\induction Antiemetic- |\Phenothiazine |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Drowsiness, |\dizziness, |\confusion, |\anorexia, |\constipation, |\dry |
mouth
Antiemetics: |\Serotonin |\receptor |\antagonists |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Ondansetron Antiemetics: |\Serotonin |\receptor |\antagonists |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Chemotherapy |\induced |\nausea, |\post-op |\nausea, |
radiation |\therapy |\nausea Antiemetics: |\Serotonin |\receptor |\antagonists |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔dizziness, |\fatigue, |\headache, |\diarrhea, |\constipation Antiemetics: |\Serotonin |\receptor |\antagonists |\adverse |\effects |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Fever, |\mouth |\sores Antiemetics: |\Serotonin |\receptor |\antagonists |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔alert |\patient |\to |\avoid |\driving |\or |\engaging |
in |\dangerous |\activities |\because |\drowsiness |\is |\common, |\monitor |
patients |\with |\hepatic |\disorders antidiarrheal |\opiate |\with |\anticholinergics |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Diphenoxylate |\with |\atropine antidiarrheal |\opiate |\with |\anticholingerics |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔tx |\of |\diarrhea |\by |\slowing |\down |\gastric |\motility
antidiarrheal |\opiate |\with |\anticholingerics |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔drowsiness, |\dizziness, |\confusion, |\headache, |
restlessness, |\dry |\mouth antidiarrheal |\opiate |\with |\anticholingerics |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Angioedema,tachycardia, |\paralytic |\ileus, |\toxic |
megacolon, |\physical |\dependency antidiarrheal |\opiate |\with |\anticholingerics |\nursing |\considerations |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Monitor |\liver |\enzymes, |\amylase, |
contraindicated |\for |\patients |\with |\bowel |\obstructions, |\electrolyte |
imbalance, |\dehydration Laxatives: |\stimulates |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Bisacodyl Laxatives: |\stimulates |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Constipation, |\bowel |\prep |\by |\increasing |\peristalsis Laxatives: |\stimulates |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Abdominal |\cramping, |\dizziness, |\nausea, |\anorexia Laxatives: |\stimulates |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Dependency, |\fluid |\and |\electrolyte |\imbalance
histamine |\ 2 |\blockers |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Gastric |\and |
duodenal |\ulcers, |\dyspepsia |\GERD Histamine |\ 2 |\blocker |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Headache, |\dizziness, |\confusion Histamine |\ 2 |\blocker |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Elevated |\liver |\enzymes, |\cardiac |\dysthymia, |\bradycardia, |\blood |
dyscrasia Histamine |\ 2 |\blocker |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔monitor |\liver |\enzymes, |\monitor |\renal |\function, |\monitor |\I&O, |
encourage |\foods |\RICH |\IN |\B12, |\increase |\effects |\of |\oral |
ANTICOAGULANTS Proton |\Pump |\Inhibitors |(PPIs) |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Esomeprazole Proton |\Pump |\Inhibitors |(PPIs) |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Suppress |\gastric |\secretion |\and |\treat |\gastric |\and |\peptic |\ulcers Proton |\Pump |\Inhibitors |(PPIs) |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔headache, |\dizziness, |\drowsiness, |\fatigue, |\dry |\mouth
Proton |\Pump |\Inhibitors |(PPIs) |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Elevated |\AST |(0-35 |\normal), |\ALT |(4-36 |\normal), |\GI |\bleeding, |
thrombocytopenia, |\anemia Proton |\Pump |\Inhibitors |(PPIs) |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔take |\on |\EMPTY |\stomach, |\monitor |\liver |\enzymes, |
monitor |\CBC Pepsin |\Inhibitor |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔sucralfate Pepsin |\Inhibitor |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔used |\to |\prevent |
gastric |\mucosal |\injury |\from |\drug |\related |\ulcers |(COATS |\THE |
STOMACH) Pepsin |\Inhibitor |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Constipation, |
dizziness, |\drowsiness, |\headache, |\rash Pepsin |\Inhibitor |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Hyperglycemia, |\Hypophosphatemia Pepsin |\Inhibitor |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔CONTRAINDICATED |\in |\patients |\with |\renal |\impairment, |\diabetes, |
pregnancy, |\older |\adults, |\monitor |\I&O, |\BUN |(10-20 |\normal) |
Creatinine |(0.5-1.2 |\normal), |\ 30 |\before |\or |\ 30 |\minutes |\after |\antacids
granulocyte |\colony |\stimulating |\factor |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔used |\to |\decrease |\incidence |\of |\infection |(acute |\or |\chronic |
neutropenia) granulocyte |\colony |\stimulating |\factor |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔nausea, |\vomiting, |\diarrhea, |\fatigue, |\dizziness granulocyte |\colony |\stimulating |\factor |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔thrombocytopenia, |\MI, |\ARDS, |\chest |\pain, |\rupture, |
capillary |\leak |\syndrome, |\hemorrhage granulocyte |\colony |\stimulating |\factor |\nursing |\considerations |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔DO |\NOT |\administer |\ 24 |\hours |\before |\or |\ 24 |
hours |\after |\chemotherapy |\causing |\toxicity, |\Monitor |\liver |\enzymes, |
renal |\function, |\monitor |\CBC Estrogen |\replacement |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔conjugated |\estrogen Estrogen |\replacement |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔hormone |
replacement |\for |\post-menopausal |\women, |\vaginal |\dryness/atrophy Estrogen |\replacement |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔nausea, |
vomiting, |\fluid |\retention, |\breast |\tenderness, |\leg |\cramps, |
breakthrough |\bleeding
Estrogen |\replacement |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Thromboembolic |\disorders, |\depression, |\hypercalcemia, |\CVA, |\PE, |
MI Estrogen |\replacement |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔CONTRAINDICATED |\IN |\PATIENTS |\WITH |\CARDIOVASCULAR |
DISEASE. |\personal |\hx |\of |\breast |\cancer, |\severe |\renal |\disease |\and |
diabetes Biphosphonates |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Alendronate |(Fosamax) Biphosphonates |\used |\for |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔tx |\of |
osteoporosis |\and |\osteopenia Biphosphonates |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Abdominal |
pain, |\acid |\reflux Biphosphonates |\adverse |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Kidney |
failure |\is |\rare |\but |\has |\been |\associated |\with |\this |\drug Biphosphonates |\nursing |\considerations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Must |\be |\taken |\with |\ 8 |\oz |\of |\water, |\sit |\up |\for |\ 30 |\minutes |\AFTER |\
