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diuretics are
drugs that accelerate the rate of urine formation via variety
of mechanisms
TERM 2
nephrons do what
DEFINITION 2
keep the balance between elimination of toxins and retention
of essential chemicals
TERM 3
proximal convoluted tubule
DEFINITION 3
returns 60 - 70 % of the sodium and water from the filter fluid
back into the bloodstream
TERM 4
ascending loop of Henle does what
DEFINITION 4
20 - 50% of sodium is resorbed back into the bloodstream by
the
TERM 5
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are chemical
derivatives of
DEFINITION 5
sulfonamide antibiotics
the most common carbonic anhydrase
inhibitors is
diamox
TERM 7
what is the therapeutic applications of the CAI
DEFINITION 7
treatment of glaucoma, edema and high altitude sickness
TERM 8
contraindications to the use of CAI's are
DEFINITION 8
hyponatremia, hypokalemia, severe renal and hepatic
dysfunction
TERM 9
adverse effects of CAI's
DEFINITION 9
hypokalemia, anorexia, paresthesisas, hematura, urticaria,
photosensitivity, melena
TERM 10
CAI's can cause an increase in
DEFINITION 10
digoxin level and can cause digoxin toxicity
what are loop diuretics used
for
manage edema associated with heart failure and hepatic or
renal disease, to control hypertension, and to increase the
renal excretion of calcium in patients with hypercalcemia
TERM 17
what are loop diuretics common adverse
effects
DEFINITION 17
dizziness, headaches, tinnitus, blurred vision, n/v, diarrhea,
agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, neutropenis,
hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia
TERM 18
what is the main toxic effect of loop diuretics
DEFINITION 18
circulatory failure , electrolyte loss, dehydration
TERM 19
what is the most commonly used osmotic
diuretic
DEFINITION 19
mannitol
TERM 20
mannitol produces a fast
DEFINITION 20
diuresis, causes only slight loss of electrolytes
mannitol is an excellent drug for preventing
kidney damage during acute renal failure
TERM 22
when is mannitol commonly
used
DEFINITION 22
in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure
TERM 23
mannitol is also used
to
DEFINITION 23
promote the excretion of toxic substances, reduce
intracranial pressure, treat cerebral edema
TERM 24
what are significant undesirable effects of
mannitol
DEFINITION 24
convulsions, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary congestion
TERM 25
what is the most common potassium-sparing
diuretic used
DEFINITION 25
spironolactone
