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PGA PGM Level 1 3.0 Teaching and
Coaching
What makes lesson content relevant? - Students desire to learn "Positioning" refers to how far up or down the hands are placed on the club's grip - false- "placement" not positioning "Precision" refers to gripping the club the same way each time. - true A "pull hook" occurs when the swing path is outside-to-in and the face is closed - false- swing path is inside to outside A "pull slice" occurs when the swing path is outside-to-in and the clubface is open to clubpath and closed to target. - true A "push shot" occurs when the swing path is outside-to-in and the clubface is square to the target line - false-"push shot" starts right so club face is open to target while swing path is down the line A common mistake in teaching is the expectation that the student will be able to learn a skill from a verbal suggestion - True A golf club manufacturer is an enabled industry. (t/f) - false-golf club manufacturer is a core industry A golf instructor suggests a bent left knee when teaching a student how to hit a mid- iron. What element of the PGA swing model is involved? - preferences A golfer has small hands and a weak grip. Which grip option probably would be best for her? - ten finger grip A one-time Sunday evening members-only scramble is an example of a player development program. - False- needs to be regular scheduled events A player attempting a short distance greenside bunker shot should use a steeper angle of approach than if attempting a longer greenside bunker shot. - true-steep for short, shallow for long A player's swing is creating too much backspin. What is the probable source of this problem? - angle of approach too steep
A preference is a personal choice that golfers make on how best to use the laws to improve their game - true A private facility is planning a promotional activity to introduce their new player development program for attracting new senior players. This activity includes three lessons followed by a three-hole scramble after each lesson. What is missing from this player development program? - size and schedule; budget A student's improved performance by the end of the first lesson is evidence that learning has occurred. - false A student's teaching professional talks with her about hinging her wrists on the backswing. Which element of the PGA teaching model is being addressed? - in-swing principle for clubhead lag A teaching professional is worried about creating an assembly-line effect because he gives lessons all day. How might he improve this situation without changing his teaching load? - cultivate a small nucleus of loyal, repeat students, providing them with customized instruction A Teaching professional wants to spend facility resources on game tracking software for her elite-level players. Her facility has recently adopted a new growth of the game initiative. Which would be a source of potential conflict in this scenario? - "defining the business"- different goals between instructor and facility A teaching professional's existing schedule of individual lessons should be considered a player development program. - False- private lessons aren't player development programs According to a PGA of America study, lack of opportunity for instruction is theprimary reason for low participation in golf instruction. - false- there is plenty of lessons available According to Gentile's Model, what is the second stage of learning called? - Fixation/diversification According to most good putters, where should the ball position be at address when putting? - position ball forward of center According to surveys conducted by the National Golf Foundation, less than 10% of the golfing population generates more than 75% of the revenue. - false- 25% golfers generate 70% of revenue According to the 2004 Guadagnoli and Lee study, what is the optimal challenge point? - Middle ground of challenge
At which stage of the player development planning process should consideration be given to how new programs would blend with the other operational departments at the facility? - phase 1: create an overall design creation Autonomous learning is the first phase of learning a student will pass through when learning a new golf skill. - False Ball speed is independent of what variable? - clubhead speed Based on National Golf Foundation Surveys, "avid golfers" make up less than 30% of the golfing population but are responsible for over 60% of the revenue generated in the golf industry. - true- avid golfers make up only 25% of golfers and generate about 70% of the revenue By law, facilities retain control of how independent contractors teach golf. - False Centeredness of contact is one of the primary factors influencing the direction of a golf shot. - true Changes in performance that result from increased motivation are suitable as evidence for learning? - False Clubface angle position and clubhead path at impact are less important considerations when putting than when hitting full swing shots due to slower clubhead speed - false-at slower speeds with a putter, clubface angle can account for over 90% of the ball's initial direction Competing movements encountered in new skill learning can cause a motor program memory to be forgotten. - True Concerning grip basics, what describes the term "precision"? - every time a player prepares to putt, they grip the club the same way Conducting an opening interview is the first step in a lesson progression. - False Confidence is a performance characteristic that is observed as learning takes place. - False Critical incidents are an effective place to start when writing a teaching journal. - true- events that stand out (for any reason) in the mind of the teacher Define the term "connection." - keeping the arms the same distance from the body all the way through the swing Demonstrations assist learning because modeling a skill conveys specific information about how to perform the skill - true
Early success in golf for Juniors is the reliable predictor of long-term success. - False Effectively inhibiting unwanted movements is a characteristic of the autonomous phase of learning. - True Face is an example of law while path is an example of principle - false- both are an example of the law false- there is plenty of lessons available - to promote its affordability; educating consumers of different golfing packages for entry level, first timers is key Fundamental movement skills should be the focus of pre-teen training?( - True Golfer Portraits identified new golfers and juniors as the most promising golfer segments for player development programming. - false Good mentors are resourceful and enthusiastic in transferring their knowledge and skills to protégés - true How can a player development professional cultivate support from facility managers and owners? - provide data and evidence that demonstrate that player development programs contribute to overall success and profitability of facility How can golf professionals best promote their teaching expertise to the facility's senior segment? - *reputation, word of mouth, How did many high-end facilities intensify the problems caused by the slowdown period of 2000-2009? - charged high green fees/ dues and course difficult for the typical golfer...cost, time, and difficulty were barriers How does a student transfer golf skills learned in the cognitive phase to play on the course in the intermediate learning phase? - ...... How is the second lever formed? - created by the lead wrist and the club shaft as the club swings How is the term "timing" defined in the course manual? - proper sequence of the body and club movement to produce the most efficient result How should job responsibilities and expectations be communicated to a prospective teacher? - through a formal contract or letter of agreement How should lesson activities be selected - Base them on lesson goals that achieve lesson goals
Left toe out is considered a preference. - true Lesson goals are established so instructors can develop procedures for what they would like to accomplish in a specified amount of time. - True Local Youth Gymnastics should be considered a potential competitor to a playerdevelopment program. - True Motor learning. has taken place when the improvements in skill technique were caused by changes in motivation. - False Narrowing the stance for a chip or pitch helps the player do which of the following? - easier for the upper body to rotate over the lower body displacing the weight on the forward leg at impact and through the finish without any lateral shift from the lower body None of the preferences golf professionals may teach will change the ball flight laws - true Off-center impacts will influence the distance of a putt but have little influence on initial direction. - false-off center has significant effects on distance and direction the putt will travel One difference between expert instructors and average instructors is the ability of the expert instructors to reciprocate immediacy by revealing personal information about themselves - False One minute is about the short-term memory storage capacity for new cognitive information before it is lost due to inattention? - True One way disciplined teachers can demonstrate consistency and balance is to moderate their praise for student achievements - True Performance production measures are the result of the movement. - False Physical positioning is a technique for communicating clearly - True Player Development - Players with poor speed control when putting should do which of the following? - learn to shorten backstroke for short putts, and lengthen backstroke for long putts Preparing estimates of anticipated expenses to revenue is how a player development program budget is produced - True Professional instruction practice recommends that teachers keep their interest in the lives of their students "on the lesson tee". - False
Selecting appropriate activities is the first step in a lesson progression - False Skilled teachers rehearse and repeat instructional patterns until they become subconscious, automatic routines. - true Students can expect as lower rate of learning as they progress through the three phases of golf skill learning. - True Students have been having problems registering for the facility's new player development program. What is the source of this breakdown? - registration might be confusing...must be easy for students and staff to understand...needs to be consistent Swing inconsistency is the most probable result of playing with an improperly sized grip.
- true Teachers must exhibit qualities students value when modeling professional standards. - True Tempo is a measure of the number of times a shaft oscillates in a unit of time. - false- (frequency analyzer)-is the number of time a shaft oscillates in a unit of time The assistant golf professional has been asked to devise a plan to promote the facility's teaching business to the seniors segment of the facility's customer base. What consideration should be included in the plan? - - more time flexibility and respond better to weekday leagues and other regularly scheduled organized play options-good candidates for regular short game clinics focused on a relevant topic, such as how to compensate for a declining long game The clubhead must be at maximum speed to achieve the maximum transfer of energy to the golf ball. - true-power transfer ratio=measurement of energy transferred from clubhead to ball at impact The Game. Intro to Full Swing Laws Principals and preferences - The handle of a club should be placed a few inches in front of the ball for the basic pitch shot. - false-handle placed in the middle of the body for a pitch shot The handle of a club should be placed even with the ball for a basic chip shot. - false- handle should be set forward couple inches in front of the ball The head professional created a player development program designed for 12 women new to the game. After the first session she noticed that the participants had a wide range of varying skills and individual needs. What would be the best course of action in response to this situation? - modify the objectives for the lesson to meet these evolving needs
Verbal expression is the best way to demonstrate an attentive communication style? - False What are the "SMART" characteristics of an effective goal? - S- Specific M- Measurable A - Achievable R - Relative T - Time Orientated What are the instructional routines used by effective teachers? - initiating the lesson with a statement of goals; interviewing students to gauge the level of understanding of the material being learned; offering immediate, positive feedback after selected student performances; closing the lesson with a review of the main instructional points What are the seven keys to effective demonstrations? - - plan and prepare
- strive for clarity
- show passion and enthusiasm
- use proper voice projection
- vary vocal pitch
- pause before and after important points
- act confidently What are the strategies presented in the course manual that teachers use to convey content relevance? - - Using past student experiences
- Conducting examples What are ways to convey enthusiasm for the students and the subject? - smiling, using descriptive/animated explanations, and investing time in planning and reflecting on a lesson What ball flight law is most responsible for the initial direction of a golf shot? - clubface angle at impact What behavior exemplifies empathetic teaching by the instructor? - Relates What can an instructor do which likely would cause students to learn at a faster rate? - Exhibit enthusiasm and voice an action What can be expected from participating in continuing education programs conducted outside the facility? - helps build a deep teaching knowledge base; helps establish credibility with customers and other professionals What can produce either a "skulled" or "chunked" pitch shot? - the club is ascending through impact for a skullthe club is descending through impact for a chunk
What can reasonably be anticipated as a result of creating a business plan? - clarifies objectives; motivates staff; serves as a financial road map; helps measure success; increases credibility What can teachers achieve by clearly communicating expected attitudes and behaviors? - Respond in the same manor in similar situations What can teachers expect to improve as a result of listening to their students? - Assessments and relationships What category of the PGA swing model is involved when a student has been instructed to lighten his grip pressure to achieve greater clubhead speed? - preswing principle-grip What combination of a ball flight law and a principle would most likely result in a slice? - outside to in path, open clubface at impactset up What component of a golf ball's flight is most influenced by the ball's spin rate given a square clubface and a straight path? - angle of approach What constraints must be considered when developing the design idea? - time constraints, work, family factors that keep people from pursuing the game What defines the measurement of energy lost or retained when two objects collide? - COR (clubhead and the ball) What defines the measurement of energy retained when two objects collide? - ball speed=COR What does the concept of immediacy contribute to effective teaching communications? - reciprocated interpersonal experience What effect does adding bounce angle have on a golf club? - loft increases as well What element of a professional relationship requires the teacher to see the world from the student's point of view? - Empathy What has research shown to be directly correlated with the teacher's level of enthusiasm? - Students success in their lessons What increases as students transition from early to intermediate to the advanced phase of learning? - Movement coordination What information would be most helpful to a director of instruction looking for support of her subjective observations in the performance review of an individual instructor? - determining whether the facility is offering the desired stimulation and support
What is likely being evaluated when an informed instructor asks a junior golfer to throw or kick a ball? - Distance control What is likely to be the best way for a PGA Professional to promote herself to facility owners interested in improving their player development program? - benefit to facility What is most likely to increase the number of rounds played by a golfer? - golfers who take lessons and improve tend to play more *improvement from lessons What is one reason teachers should be warm in their relationships with students? - Professionalize Productive relationships What is recommended as a means by which teaching professionals can retain their passion on the lesson tee? - Instructor periodically review what motivates them What is the basis of a positive and supportive relationship with facility managers and owners? - effective communicationbetter when ownership is engaged in the program What is the basis on which instructors can make reliable inferences that learning has taken place? - Permeant results in experience and practice What is the consequence of playing a club with an improper lie angle? - directional inconsistencies What is the definition of learning? - Relatively permeant change What is the definition of swing plane? - the tilt and direction of travel of the inclined plane made by the club shaft during the swing What is the easiest parameter for a club performance specialist to change through properly fitted equipment? - launch angle What is the essential assumption of the basic information processing model? - People are active processors of information What is the first step in finding a mentor? - identify what you need in a mentor What is the first thing an instructor should test when determining the physical capabilities of a junior golfer? - Motor skills What is the main influence a club's lie angle has on ball flight? - ball direction What is the major reason for implementing player development programs? - to get beginning or existing players to play more often and keep up their interest in the game
What is the most effective means by which teachers can improve their instructional skills? - reflective teaching-where teachers question the what, how, and why of their teaching What is the power transfer ratio formula? - ratio of ball divided by clubhead speed What is the purpose of program objectives? - Clarify what the facility intends to accomplish by when and how it will be accomplished through promotional efforts, staff training, operational changes, or other measures What is the sequence of the three-step process for analyzing observable actions? - 1. teaching behavior must be observed in order to identify its qualities
- analysis-checklists and rating scales
- evaluating the teaching observations and analysis results What is the shaft's kick point? - point in the shaft where the degree bending is the greatest What is the simplest method of reflective teaching - taking a few minutes at the end of a lesson to reflect on the events of a lesson is the simplest and most common way of reflective teaching What is the typical ball flight pattern if the shaft's vibration cycles per minute (CPM) are too high? - too stiff=low right What is the ultimate goal of player development programs? - to keep people involved in the game What is true about ball placement in a golfer's setup? - ball placed forward in stance adds loft to face resulting in a higher shot What must a PGA professional do to effectively conduct the evaluation phase of the player development process? - hard data (such as class registration totals and financial figures) direct assessments of customer satisfaction and indirect indicators (sign ups for more offerings)
- participation; financial performance; customer satisfaction and commitment; modify the program based on results What must an effective player development business planner do to understand the market? - analyze current customers and any potential students the business wants to attract What must teachers do to create a positive learning environment within a lesson? - Decide what attitudes and behaviors motivate students
What variables are necessary to achieve high-level performance from the teaching staff? - requires competent people who are given the resources needed to carry out a task effectively variables performance standards, resources, feedback, and consequences What would be a Transfer Test to determine learning? - Taking time off and coming back Where does the ability to retrieve accomplished swing skills reside - Long-term memory Where does the primary leadership responsibility for player development initiatives reside? - the local pga professional Where should the ball position be when addressing the normal splash-type greenside bunker shot? - ball should be slightly forward in stance from where normal wedge ball position would be Where should the body weight at address be placed when pitching from a normal lie? - body weight should be balanced evenly between both feet Which driver head characteristic has the most influence over distance? - - a head and shaft matched to the golfer provides optimal launch conditions for maximum distance.- matching a driver's loft, COG, feel, and look will also help ensure the club performs as intended Which exercises are best for evaluating a junior's movement patterns? - Throwing, striking, running, skipping Which is a criterion for identifying player development objectives? - must be specific and stated in measurable terms, include targets for retaining new and existing customers; realistic and achievable Which student activity is evidence of a successful player development program? - - 9 hole and 18 hole rounds played and green fees paid for the current year
- spending on golf instruction, food and beverage, and merchandising for the current year
- extent of purchases made at facility
- factors that would influence golfer to play more purchasing range balls While adding the third lever creates some potential for improving timing and consistency, it also can cause some distance problems - false-third lever could be negative b/c it narrows width of swing and creates an additional timing factor to fire the levers in correct order Why do most facilities require that all lesson payments go through the point-of-sale system? - to schedule, track, and analyze numbers for instruction services PGA PGM Level 1 3.0 Teaching and CoachingPGA PGM Level 1 3.0 Teaching and CoachingPGA PGM Level 1 3.0 Teaching and
Why is it important for teachers to spend time getting to know and understand their students? - Identify Behaviors that are critical to creating a desirable environment Why should a segmentation study be used when designing player development programs? - measure students commitment to the game Why should golf instructors use a business plan? - spells out clear goals for teaching program that are consistent with the mission of the facility Why should instructors analyze their behavior and keep a teaching journal? - reveals patterns that offer insights into teaching that are not found from other sources With all other variables the same, if a student changes his angle of approach with his 7- iron from 5 degrees descending to 10 degrees descending, the shot will travel a shorter distance - true-steeper angle of approach creates more backspin, more lift, and therefore less distance PGA PGM Level 1 3.0 Teaching and CoachingPGA PGM Level 1 3.0 Teaching and CoachingPGA PGM Level 1 3.0 Teaching
