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Validity
In science and statistics, validity is the extent to which a concept, conclusion or measurement is well-founded and corresponds accurately to the real world.-degree to which a measurement actually reflects what one thinks or hopes it does (truthfulness of a study)*For a measure to be valid, it must be reliable TERM 2
Reliability
DEFINITION 2 Reliability theory describes the probability of a system completing its expected function during an interval of time.- Is it dependable?*A reliable measure is not necessarily valid TERM 3
Psychoanalysis
DEFINITION 3 Psychoanalysis is a set of psychological and psychotherapeutic theories and associated techniques, created by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and stemming partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others. TERM 4
Case Study
DEFINITION 4 A Case Study involves an up-close, in-depth, and detailed examination of a subject, as well as its related contextual conditions. TERM 5
Projective Tests
DEFINITION 5 In psychology, a projective test is a personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts projected by the person into the test.
Psychic Determinism
Psychic determinism is a type of determinism that theorizes that all mental processes are not spontaneous but are determined by the unconscious or preexisting mental complexes. TERM 7
MMPI
DEFINITION 7 The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most widely used and researched standardized psychometric test of adult personality and psychopathology. TERM 8
Sentence Completion Test
DEFINITION 8 Sentence completion tests are a class of semi-structured projective techniques. Sentence completion tests typically provide respondents with beginnings of sentences, referred to as -stems,- and respondents then complete the sentences in ways that are meaningful to them. TERM 9
Rorschach Test
DEFINITION 9 The Rorschach test is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both. TERM 10
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
DEFINITION 10 The Thematic Apperception Test is a projective psychological test. Proponents of this technique assert that a person's responses reveal underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world through the stories they make up about ambiguous pictures of people.
Free Association
Free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis (and also in psychodynamic theory) which was originally devised by Sigmund Freud out of the hypnotic method of his mentor and coworker, Josef Breuer. TERM 17
Psychometrics
DEFINITION 17 Psychometrics is a field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement. TERM 18
Psychosexual Stages
DEFINITION 18 In Freudian psychology, psychosexual development is a central element of the psychoanalytic sexual drive theory, that human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido that develops in five stages. TERM 19
Libido
DEFINITION 19 Libido, colloquially known as sex drive, is a person's overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity. TERM 20
Oral Stage
DEFINITION 20 In Freudian psychoanalysis, the term oral stage denotes the first psychosexual development stage where in the mouth of the infant is his or her primary erogenous zone.Birth- 18 monthsCONFLICT: Weaning
Anal Stage
The anal stage is the second stage in Sigmund Freud-s theory of psychosexual development, lasting from age 18 months to three years.CONFLICT: Toilet Training TERM 22
Phallic Stage
DEFINITION 22 In Freudian psychology, the phallic stage is the third stage of psychosexual development, spanning the ages of three to six years, wherein the infant-s libido centers upon his or her genitalia as the erogenous zone.4-5 years of ageCONFLICT: Attachment to opposite sex TERM 23
Oedipal
Complex
DEFINITION 23 The term Oedipus complex explains the emotions and ideas that the mind keeps in the unconscious, via dynamic repression, that concentrates upon a child's desire to have sexual relations with the parent of the opposite sex (i.e. TERM 24
Electra
Complex
DEFINITION 24 In Neo-Freudian psychology, the Electra complex, as proposed by Carl Gustav Jung, is a girl's psychosexual competition with her mother for possession of her father. TERM 25
Psychosocial Stages
DEFINITION 25 Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated by Erik Erikson, is a psychoanalytic theory which identifies eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood.
Measurement Error (error variance)
Observational error is the difference between a measured value of quantity and its true value. TERM 32
Spearman-Brown Formula
DEFINITION 32 The Spearman-Brown prediction formula, also known as the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula, is a formula relating psychometric reliability to test length and used by psychometricians to predict the reliability of a test after changing the test length. TERM 33
Generalizability
DEFINITION 33 Generalizability theory, or G Theory, is a statistical framework for conceptualizing, investigating, and designing reliable observations.Does one test result = the results you'd get on another test? TERM 34
Constructs
DEFINITION 34 Cannot be directly seen or touched, but affects and helps to explain many different things that are visible.i.e. IQ , gravity TERM 35
Construct Validation
DEFINITION 35 The process of testing the theory behind a construct
Cohort Effect
The term cohort effect is used in social science to describe variations in the characteristics of an area of study over time among individuals who are defined by some shared temporal experience or common life experience, such as year of birth, or year of exposure to radiation. TERM 37
Experimental Method
DEFINITION 37 Attempts to assess relationships between two variables using manipulation of the presumably causal variable.- ability to ascertain what causes what TERM 38
Correlational Method (three-variable case)
DEFINITION 38 Attempts to assess relationships between two variables without using manipulation.* Correlation is not causality- Cannot tell us direction of causality TERM 39
Null-hypothesis
DEFINITION 39 In inferential statistics the null hypothesis usually refers to a general statement or default position that t here is no relationship between two measured phenomena , or no difference among groups. TERM 40
Type 1 error
DEFINITION 40 Involves deciding that one variable has an effect on, or a relationship with, another variable, when really it does not.
