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PERIO II FINAL EXAM 2025|ACTUAL 130 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+, Exams of Dentistry

University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) - Bradford Dentistry

PERIO II FINAL EXAM 2025|ACTUAL 130 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS|LATEST UPDATE|ALREADY GRADED A+

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PERIO II FINAL EXAM 2025|ACTUAL 130 QUESTIONS

AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS|LATEST

UPDATE|ALREADY GRADED A+

What do BMI numbers mean? And at what level are individuals considered

overweight or obese?

- Body Mass Index

- Weight in kg / square of height in meters

- Overweight = 25-29.9

- Obesity = 30+

What is IL-6? What is its function?

IL-6 secreted in greater amounts in obesity (30% derived from adipose tissue)

Increasing Obesity = Increased secretion of IL-6

- This increases the risk of coronary disease

Inflamed periodontal tissues = Higher levels of IL-6

- Stimulates osteoclasts which leads to increased bone loss

What is the influence of obesity on periodontal disease?

Recent research indicates a link between periodontal disease and obesity

- + correlation between BMI and severity of periodontal attachment loss

- Overall and abdominal obesity associated with increased prevalence of periodontal

disease (even in young populations)

- Underweight (BMI >18.5) associated with decreased prevalence

Partial preview of the text

Download PERIO II FINAL EXAM 2025|ACTUAL 130 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+ and more Exams Dentistry in PDF only on Docsity!

PERIO II FINAL EXAM 2025|ACTUAL 130 QUESTIONS

AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS|LATEST

UPDATE|ALREADY GRADED A+

What do BMI numbers mean? And at what level are individuals considered overweight or obese?

Body Mass Index
Weight in kg / square of height in meters
Overweight = 25-29.
Obesity = 30+ What is IL-6? What is its function? IL-6 secreted in greater amounts in obesity (30% derived from adipose tissue) Increasing Obesity = Increased secretion of IL- 6
This increases the risk of coronary disease Inflamed periodontal tissues = Higher levels of IL- 6
Stimulates osteoclasts which leads to increased bone loss What is the influence of obesity on periodontal disease? Recent research indicates a link between periodontal disease and obesity
- correlation between BMI and severity of periodontal attachment loss
Overall and abdominal obesity associated with increased prevalence of periodontal disease (even in young populations)
Underweight (BMI >18.5) associated with decreased prevalence

Increase in plaque accumulation, attachment loss, increased pocket depth, and bleeding on probing

Increased T.forsythia Association may be similar inflammatory pathways for both obesity and periodontitis
Adipose tissue secretes cytokines and hormones involved in inflammatory processes continuously
“systemic inflammatory overload” Abdominal adipose tissue has increased circulating TNF-a and IL-6 (evidence for why this is possible)
The influence of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), PAI-1, Adiponectin decreasing, Leptin increasing What is the impact of excessive carbohydrate consumption on the body? Excessive consumption of refined carbohydrates may affect immune response
Pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-1 and IL-6 increased
Increased action of enzymes like collagenase May cause rapid release of glucose
Increases triglyceride levels
Stimulates insulin release
Reduces breakdown of fat

The Picture sums up the main factors that smoking Effects What is the impact of smoking on the immune system? Affects both cellular and humoral inflammatory response systems

Smokers have decreased signs of inflammation and decreased gingival crevicular blood flow
Due to vasoconstrictor properties of nicotine
Tissue has a high turn over rate and if a smoker stops the blood flow and healing can be reinitiated Neutrophil function impaired despite higher levels of neutrophils present
Decreased adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis May decrease antibody production
Decrease IgG2 production leading to overall lower serum IgG levels Components in tobacco also may increase the production of cytokines or inflammatory mediators.

Is there a difference between smokers and nonsmokers in healing following NSPT? YES Smokers have NO healing or if they do its slow and minimal

Chemical products and toxins in tobacco smoke may delay wound healing
Inhibit basic cellular functions necessary for wound healing
Negative effect on fibroblasts and collagen production decrease wound healing
Smokers have less reduction in probing depths and gain less clinical attachment after treatment
Nonsmokers had 50% higher rate of improvement after periodontal therapy What are the characteristics of peri-implantitis? Comparable to Periodontitis

Combination of smoking and periodontitis increases risk of peri-implant bone loss What is the goal of assessment in ADPIE?

Look for clinical signs of inflammation and damage to the periodontium
Determine if the periodontium is healthy or diseased
Collect data to assign periodontal diagnosis
Collect baseline data for long-term monitoring of periodontal disease activity Two different types of assessment:
Periodontal Screening Examination
Comprehensive Periodontal Assessment Describe the PSR – how is it used in periodontal assessment?

Efficient, easy-to-use screening system for the detection of periodontal disease

Helps to identify those patients needing a more comprehensive periodontal assessment Results separate patients into two categories
Periodontal health or gingivitis -----> No further assessment needed
Periodontitis -----> Comprehensive periodontal assessment needed World Health Organization (WHO) probe is used for this examination
Color-coded band (reference mark) located 3.5 to 5.5 mm from the probe tip
Results of the screening are recorded as a code, 0 to 4
One code per sextant is used instead of six readings per tooth

Code 4 = Marker is not visible

Indicates a mucogingival defect, recession, mobility, or furcation For patients with low PSR scores in all sextants (0, 1, 2)

Considered periodontally healthy
No need for further periodontal assessment – depends on whether new or existing patient, office guidelines, time from last comprehensive evaluation, etc. A complete periodontal assessment is indicated for patients with two code 3 scores or one code 4 score What are the classifications of tooth mobility?
Class I—up to 1 mm horizontal displacement in a facial-lingual direction
Class II—greater than 1 mm but less than 2 mm of horizontal displacement in a facial-lingual direction

Class III—greater than 2 mm displacement in a facial-lingual direction or bouncing in the socket The two different Kinds of mobility
Horizontal tooth mobility is the movement of a tooth in the facial to lingual direction
Vertical tooth mobility is the movement of a tooth up and down in the socket (“Depressibility”) What structure is the demarcation between attached keratinized gingiva and alveolar mucosa? MGJ
Junction between the keratinized gingiva and the nonkeratinized mucosa Used in the calculation of width of attached gingiva
Keratinized is pale pink

Miller classification Class II Recession that extends to or beyond the MGJ with NO interdental loss Miller classification Class III Recession that extends to or beyond the MGJ with SOME periodontal attachment loss in the interdental area or malpositioning of teeth Miller classification Class IV Recession that extends to or beyond the MGJ with sever bone and or soft tissue loss in the interdental area and or sever malpositioning of the teeth. What is the difference between a periodontal abscess and a periapical abscess?

Periodontal Abscess resides in the PDL of the tooth and is not due to the pulp of the tooth. (Will appear on the side or in the pockets of teeth) Causes:

Blockage of the opening of an existing periodontal pocket
Forcing a foreign object into the supporting tissues of a tooth (gums grow over Debre and trap the food)
Toothpick, popcorn hull, other food debris
Incomplete calculus removal
Gross debridements, supra vs. subgingival calc removal
Long-term bone loss with heavy bacterial load in deep pockets - chronic 3 Types:
Periodontal pocket, gingiva, peri-coronitis Periapical Abscess is due to the pulp of the tooth becoming necrotic or infected. (Will appear at the apex of the tooth)

Clinical attachment loss = Pocket depth + recession Gingival Overgrowth present/Gingival Margin is ABOVE CEJ Clinical Attachment loss = Pocket depth - overgrowth above CEJ What is crestal bone? Highest point of bone between 2 teeth, also called alveolar crest bone

The normal level is about 2 mm apical to the CEJ.
Level of alveolar bone is one indicator of periodontal health and must be evaluated each time
The contour should be parallel to a line drawn between CEJs of adjacent teeth.
Surfaces of the bony crests are smooth and covered with a thin layer of cortical bone.
Seen as a thin white line on radiograph

• HORIZONTAL VS. ANGULAR BONE LOSS

The crest of the interdental septa between posterior teeth should be rounded or flat
The crest of the interdental septa between anterior teeth should be thin and pointed It is difficult to detect bone loss on radiograph if the bone loss is less than 3 mm How much bone loss must have occurred for bone loss to be seen radiographically? 3 mm + Takes around 30-50% destruction of bone to be visible (6+ months to happen)
Crestal bone loss of 5 mm+ may not allow optimum coronal bone visualization with horizontal bitewings.

Angulation can be a problem as well
Use BWX instead of PA to evaluate bone level Early Furcation Involvement
X-ray beam alignment may conceal the presence or extent of involvement
Use of furcation probe is necessary in determining the actual clinical involvement
Radiographs usually show more interradicular bone than actually present Extensive Bone Loss
Crestal bone loss of >5 mm or greater may cause the coronal bone to be poorly seen on normal bitewing radiographs.
Vertical bitewings are more appropriate
Vertical bitewings show more of the coronal bone than horizontal bitewings

Long axis of the film is rotated 90 degrees to be perpendicular to the occlusal plane. Remember that radiographs do not show disease activity but rather effects (results) of the disease Do radiographs show current active disease? Or past disease? Remember that radiographs do not show disease activity but rather effects (results) of the disease What is NSPT? Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy The control of plaque-induced gingivitis or chronic periodontitis through:
-Patient daily self-care measures
-Periodontal instrumentation

PERIO II FINAL EXAM 2025|ACTUAL 130 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+, Exams of Dentistry

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download PERIO II FINAL EXAM 2025|ACTUAL 130 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+ and more Exams Dentistry in PDF only on Docsity!

PERIO II FINAL EXAM 2025|ACTUAL 130 QUESTIONS

AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS|LATEST

UPDATE|ALREADY GRADED A+

• HORIZONTAL VS. ANGULAR BONE LOSS