Perception - Organizational Behaviour - Lecture Slides, Slides of Organization Behaviour

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Perception, Attribution, and Learning

• Internal processes dealing with individual

information retrieval, storage, recall, and use

• Processes
  • Perception
  • Attribution
  • Learning

Perception

Stereotyping and Halo

• Stereotyping
  • The application of a standardized impression of a (readily discernable) group of people to influence our perception of the traits or behavior of a particular individual. Basically, generalizing about many from one or a few
• Halo
  • Allowing one characteristic of an individual to form our perception of all of that individuals’ characteristics.

Projection, Primacy and Selective

Perception

• Projection
  • Blaming our problems on others or attributing our feelings to other people.
• Primacy and recency
  • First impressions count; the most recent thing you see or hear is what you remember.
• Selective perception
  • The filtering process, including both selective attention and selective retention.

Pygmalion, or The Self-Fulfilling

Prophecy

• The Pygmalion Effect refers to the phenomenon where an individual - for example, an employee - performs at a level consistent with another person’s - for example, a manager’s - expectations
• Original classroom research
• How?
  • Attribute subordinate success to their own efforts
  • Warmer, more supportive climate
  • Set higher expectations

Attribution

• Internal vs. external

attribution

• Internal: success through own abilities and efforts
• External: success through luck or others’ help

Success Failure

Self

Others

Types of Learning

• Short term vs. long-term
• What is learned:
  • Declarative knowledge
  • Procedural knowledge
  • Cognitive strategies
  • Motor skills
  • Attitudes

Training Transfer

• Similarity between training and work settings

and tasks

• Adequate opportunity to practice during

training

• Provide a variety of stimulus situations or

settings during training to allow trainees to

learn to generalize

• Teach general principles

Impression Management

• Self-enhancing techniques
  • Presenting self in favorable light
• Other-enhancing techniques
  • Designed to win others’ approval
  • Flattery (honest or not…)