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PENN FOSTER VETERINARY
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
| VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED A+
What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Regurgitation is a normal process of ruminants hat allows them to re-masticate food. Vomiting is a forcible expulsion of gastric contents and is generally considered to be pathologic What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Regurgitation is a normal process of ruminants hat allows them to re-masticate food. Vomiting is a forcible expulsion of gastric contents and is generally considered to be pathologic What are the basic control mechanisms of the GI tract ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------The ANS, hormonal control, and chemical control. What are the basic control mechanisms of the GI tract ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------The ANS, hormonal control, and chemical control. What is the significance of the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the GI tract ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------They increase the permeability of intestinal blood vessels, resulting in increased fluid loss. Can also induce fever and initiate shock.
What is the significance of the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the GI tract ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------They increase the permeability of intestinal blood vessels, resulting in increased fluid loss. Can also induce fever and initiate shock. The CRTZ simulates vomiting when activated by ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Chemical substances (digitalis compounds, urea, ketone bodies, and others) The CRTZ simulates vomiting when activated by ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Chemical substances (digitalis compounds, urea, ketone bodies, and others) List two examples of centrally acting emetics and two examples of peripherally acting emetics. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Centrally acting= Apomorphine and xylazine. Peripherally acting= syrup of ipecac and mustard List two examples of centrally acting emetics and two examples of peripherally acting emetics. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Centrally acting= Apomorphine and xylazine. Peripherally acting= syrup of ipecac and mustard Drugs that inhibit vomiting are called____ ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------antiemetics Drugs that inhibit vomiting are called____ ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------antiemetics
Acute vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and cats often respond to conservative management such as ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Witholding food for 12 to 24 hours List two species that do not vomit ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------rats and horses List two species that do not vomit ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------rats and horses What is the mechanism of action of saline/hyperosmotic laxatives? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Retaining water osmotically in the gut. Cause softening of the stool. What is the mechanism of action of saline/hyperosmotic laxatives? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Retaining water osmotically in the gut. Cause softening of the stool. What is the active ingredient of Metamucil? ------CORRECT ANSWER------- --------psyllium What is the active ingredient of Metamucil? ------CORRECT ANSWER------- --------psyllium
Direct cholinergic drugs stimulate the GI tract by what mechanism? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------My mimicking the effect pf acetylcholine Direct cholinergic drugs stimulate the GI tract by what mechanism? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------My mimicking the effect pf acetylcholine A synthetic antibiotic/anti-inflammatory agent used to treat giardiasis and anaerobic bacterial infection in animals is called _____ ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Metronidazole A synthetic antibiotic/anti-inflammatory agent used to treat giardiasis and anaerobic bacterial infection in animals is called _____ ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Metronidazole List four products that used as a dentifrice/oral cleansing agents ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------C.E.T, nolvadent, oral Dent, Oxydent List four products that used as a dentifrice/oral cleansing agents ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------C.E.T, nolvadent, oral Dent, Oxydent what is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Peristalsis-Wave on contraction that moves contents along Segmentation- intestinal contractions that mix contents
bismuth subsalicylate compounds should be used with caution in what species? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Felines bismuth subsalicylate compounds should be used with caution in what species? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Felines List basic functions of the GI system. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Intake food and fluid into the body, absorption of nutrients and fluids, excretion of waste products. List basic functions of the GI system. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Intake food and fluid into the body, absorption of nutrients and fluids, excretion of waste products. What species has no gallbladder? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Equines What species has no gallbladder? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Equines Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs ------ CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system ------CORRECT ANSWER--- ------------Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting. Describe how drugs affect the nervous system ------CORRECT ANSWER--- ------------Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting. Identify examples of respiratory drugs ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
- Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants Identify examples of respiratory drugs ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
- Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products. Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products. Define: Agonist ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action Define: Agonist ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action Define: Contraindication ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Contraindication ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation Define: Efficacy ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------the degree to which a drug produces its desired response. Define: Efficacy ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------the degree to which a drug produces its desired response. Define: Over-the-counter drug ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------One that may be purchased without prescription from a veterinarian Define: Over-the-counter drug ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------One that may be purchased without prescription from a veterinarian Define: Prescription Drug ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina Define: Prescription Drug ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina Define: Receptor ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ----Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic products List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ----Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic products What are 4 components of a drug regimen? ------CORRECT ANSWER------ ---------Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration. What are 4 components of a drug regimen? ------CORRECT ANSWER------ ---------Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration. Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client- patient relationship can be shown to exist ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal.
- Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care. 3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client- patient relationship can be shown to exist ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal.
- Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care. 3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------To carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure proper drug is being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by correct route. Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse side effects and be able to monitor the patient. Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------To carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure proper drug is being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by correct route. Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse side effects and be able to monitor the patient. Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion. Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ ------CORRECT ANSWER-------- -------Kidneys Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ ------CORRECT ANSWER-------- -------Kidneys Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Receptors Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Receptors The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company is called ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Trade/Proprietary Name The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company is called ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Trade/Proprietary Name What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot number, expiration date
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot number, expiration date What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal health products? ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------FDA, EPA, USDA What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal health products? ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------FDA, EPA, USDA Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Profit earned from selling products Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Profit earned from selling products Describe the marketing of animal health products ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter Describe the marketing of animal health products ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or
Define Compounding ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Diluting or combingin existing drugs What are potential dangers of residues in animal products ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------May cause allergic reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria What are potential dangers of residues in animal products ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------May cause allergic reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria List 3 classes of drug interactions ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic List 3 classes of drug interactions ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized by the_____ ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Liver Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized by the_____ ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Liver
Define: Ethical Product ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement Define: Ethical Product ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Metabolite Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Metabolite A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Indication A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Indication Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except a. Practical experience b. Assesment of the patient c. Obtaining a history d. Performing lab tests ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A. Practical experience.
