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A comprehensive study guide for understanding pedigrees, a graphical representation of an individual's family tree that can show patterns of inheritance. The guide covers the key concepts and symbols used in pedigrees, including sex-linked, autosomal dominant, and autosomal recessive traits. It also explains the different types of pedigrees, how to interpret the information they provide, and when pedigrees are more useful than punnett squares. The guide is designed to help students prepare for exams on this topic, providing a thorough overview of the subject matter and the ability to answer key questions about pedigrees.
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What is a Pedigree? A graphic representation of an individual's family tree that can show patterns of inheritance Sex-linked, Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive What are the symbols on a Pedigree and what do they mean? Square - Male Circle - Female Shaded in = affected Left blank = unaffected Half shaded = carrier What are the 3 types and what do they mean? Sex Linked: Carrier females or only males. Autosomal Recessive: Skips a generation. Autosomal Dominant: Appears in every generation. What does a Horizontal Line connecting a SQUARE to a CIRCLE mean? It means the male and female are mating. What do Vertical Lines represent? They connect the parents to their offspring. What do the rows of a pedigree categorize? Generations
How do you know what generation a row is? You can tell by the roman numerals on the side of the rows. Recessive If the trait is NOT shown in the parents, but is present in the offspring▬then the trait is
Sex-Linked if the trait skips a generation and has a pattern of male to female carrier to male▬then it is ___-
Dominant if the trait is found in every generation, then the trait is most likely ________ Male square on the pedigree Female circle on the pedigree