Download PECT Module 1 Exam Qs &As Updated 2023 (correct solutions) and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
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Domains of Early Childhood Development: Social/Emotional - correct answer ✅The ability to build and maintain relationships. Includes cooperative play, conflict resolution, empathy, manners, and fairness. Ability to recognize own emotions. Domains of Early Childhood Development: Cognitive - correct answer ✅The ability to think, reason, and learn. This includes cause-and-effect, early-math skills, counting, and patterning. Examples of Normative/Norm-Referenced Assessment - correct answer ✅IQ tests, SAT, ACT Criterion-Referenced Assessment - correct answer ✅Measures a student's performance against a specific goal, objective, or standard. Designed to measure the results of instruction. Examples of Criterion-Referenced Assessment - correct answer ✅AP Exams, Unit-Midterms/Final exams
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Piaget Stage of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor - correct answer ✅Birth-2 yrs. Children know the world through movements and sensation. Object permanence is the key feature. Object Permanence - correct answer ✅Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Things continue to exist, even though they cannot be seen. Piaget Stage of Cognitive Development: Preoperational Stage - correct answer ✅2-7 yrs. Children think symbolically and can use words and pictures to represent objects. Language development is a large milestone of this stage. Egocentric viewpoint. Egocentrism - correct answer ✅Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Children in the Preoperational Stage are unable to look (both emotionally and concretely) from another's viewpoint. Piaget Stage of Cognitive Development: Concrete Operational Stage - correct answer ✅7-11 yrs. Begin to think logically about concrete events. Understand Law of Conservation. Difficultly with abstract or theoretical concepts. Use inductive logic (specific information >>> general principal).
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Screening - correct answer ✅Assesses to see if a student needs specialized assistance or services for developmental, physical, cognitive, or academic needs. Checks to see if students are learning basic skills or if there are delays. Authentic/Performance Assessment - correct answer ✅Assesses a student's ability to perform a REAL WORLD task Examples of Authentic/Performance Assessment - correct answer ✅Science experiment, give a speech, presentation, or performance, long-term project, using math to buy an item with exact change Normative/Norm-Referenced Assessment - correct answer ✅Compares a student's performance against a national or other "norm" group. Comparing INDIVIDUALS to the GROUP.
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Piaget Stage of Cognitive Development: Formal Operational Stage - correct answer ✅12+ Abstract thought about moral, ethical, and philosophical issues. Use deductive logic (general principal>>>specific situation). Can think hypothetically and make systematic plans. Trial and error not needed for problem solving. Reversibility - correct answer ✅Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Emerges during Concrete Operational Stage. Able to understand that mental concepts/relationships can be reversed. Decentration - correct answer ✅Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Emerges during the Concrete Operational Stage. Children can focus on more than one part of the problem at once. Conservation - correct answer ✅Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. Objects can maintain their properties even if their appearance changes. Same amount of water in a tall skinny glass as in a short wide glass. Few children understand this before the age of 5. Constructivism - correct answer ✅Piaget's theory of cognitive development. People cannot be "given" information which then they immediately can
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work]), Macrosystem (culture, social forces, economy, political forces), Chronosystem (transitions and shifts in one's lifespan) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - correct answer ✅Humans are motivated by needs. There are 5 levels of need. When one has been fulfilled, a human seeks the next level. One must satisfy the basic needs before moving to the higher, growth needs. (1) Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep. (2) Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear. (3) Love and belongingness needs - friendship, intimacy, affection and love, - from work group, family, friends, romantic relationships. (4) Esteem needs - achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect, respect from others (5) Self-Actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Domains of Early Childhood Development: Physical - correct answer ✅First to develop after birth. Includes gross and fine motor, sensory, perceptional. Domains of Early Childhood Development: Social/Emotional - correct answer ✅The ability to build and maintain relationships. Includes cooperative play,
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conflict resolution, empathy, manners, and fairness. Ability to recognize own emotions. Domains of Early Childhood Development: Cognitive - correct answer ✅The ability to think, reason, and learn. This includes cause-and-effect, early-math skills, counting, and patterning. Domains of Early Childhood Development: Lanugage - correct answer ✅The ability to understand the spoken word and express herself verbally. Can have back-and-forth conversation. Domains of Early Childhood Development: Self-Help/Adaptive - correct answer ✅Everything a child needs to know to be independent: learning to dress oneself, , feed oneself, using the toilet, brushing teeth, bathing, tying shoes. Fine Motor Development - correct answer ✅Moving the small muscles in coordination with the eyes. Activities to develop: putting together puzzles with small pieces, peg board games, painting, drawing, cutting, stringing and lacing activities, construction and building sets like Legos, buttons, snaps, and tying
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Level of Potential Development - correct answer ✅Vygotsky. The upper limit of tasks a child can perform with the assistance of a more competent individual. Zone of Proximal Development - correct answer ✅Vygotsky. The range of tasks that a child can perform with the help and guidance of others but cannot yet perform independently. Erikson's Stages of Development - correct answer ✅Each individual passes through 8 stages of development, each characterized by a distinct psychological "crisis." Each must be resolved before moving to the next stage. If the person copes with a crisis in a maladaptive manner, the outcome will be more struggles with that issue later in life. Erikson Stage 1: Age 0-1 (Infancy) - correct answer ✅Trust vs. Mistrust: In the first year of life, infants depend on others for food, warmth, and affection, and therefore must be able to blindly trust the parents (or caregivers) for providing those. Erikson Stage 2: Age 1-2 (Toddler) - correct answer ✅Autonomy (Independence) vs. Doubt (or Shame): Toddlers learn to walk, talk, use
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toilets, and do things for themselves. Their self-control and self-confidence begin to develop at this stage. Erikson Stage 3: Age 2-6 (Early Childhood) - correct answer ✅Initiative vs. Guilt: Children have newfound power at this stage as they have developed motor skills and become more and more engaged in social interaction with people around them. They now must learn to achieve a balance between eagerness for more adventure and more responsibility, and learning to control impulses and childish fantasies. Erikson Stage 4: Age 6-12 (Elementary & Middle School) - correct answer ✅Competence (aka. "Industry") vs. Inferiority: School is the important event at this stage. Children learn to make things, use tools, and acquire the skills to be a worker and a potential provider. And they do all these while making the transition from the world of home into the world of peers.
