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What does the parasympathetic nervous
system innervate in the eye?
Pupillary constrictor fibers via CN III TERM 2
what does the sympathetic NS innervate in
the eye?
DEFINITION 2 Pupillary dilator fibrs via sympathetic nerves running to orbit TERM 3
miosis
DEFINITION 3 Miosis (or myosis, from Ancient Greek , mein, "to close the eyes") is constriction of the pupil of the eye to less than or equal to two milimeters. TERM 4
mydriasis
DEFINITION 4 Mydriasis is an excessive dilation of the pupil due to disease, trauma or the use of drugs. TERM 5
normal pupillary response requires following
pathways:
DEFINITION 5
- perception of light by retina 2. afferent signaling to upper midbrain (bypass LGN) 3. efferent limb of light reflex carried by CNIII, ending in pupillary sphincter of the iris
normal pupil size
7mm at 10yrs 6mm at 30yrs 4mm at 80 yrs TERM 7
hippus
DEFINITION 7 under steady illumination, normal pupil continually dilates and constricts small amounts TERM 8
two components of normal pupillary response
DEFINITION 8
- direct reflex- illuminated pupil constricts 2. consensual reflex- non-illuminated pupil constricts as result of other eye b/c input synapses w/ both ipsilateral and contralateral CNIII TERM 9
normal pupil size and appearance
DEFINITION 9 round and equal diameter variation in size up to 1mm (simple anisocoria) in dim light size diff TERM 10
abnormal anisocoria
DEFINITION 10 difference in size greater than 1mm in dim light >0.5mm in bright light
Argyll-Robertson pupil
Argyll Robertson pupils (-AR pupils-) are bilateral small pupils that constrict when the patient focuses on a near object (they - accommodate-), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (they do not -react- to light). -CNS syphilis (most common), MS, sarcoidosis, diabetes mellitus, lyme disease, following trauma +lesion in dorsal midbrain *(the above do NOT affect vision) *The following DO affect vision: severe retinal or optic nerve disease TERM 17
Adie's (tonic) Pupil
DEFINITION 17 pupil fails to immediately constrict in response to light or accommodation: takes a long time to respond -young women-benign lesion of ciliary ganglion *often associated w/ Achilles reflex on same side as pupil (Homes-Adie syndrome) TERM 18
Diabetic pupils
DEFINITION 18 Bilateral small pupils fail to dilate normally due to symp. denervation fail to constrict normally due to parasymp. denervation TERM 19
CN III palsy w/ pupil
sparing
DEFINITION 19 Ischemic (vasa vasorum clogged) -HTN or Diabetes TERM 20
CN III palsy w/ pupil affected
(dilated)
DEFINITION 20 something pushing on it from the outside--- -tumor or aneurysm
Horizontal diplopia
6th nerve palsy eye turned inward TERM 22
Horner's syndrome
DEFINITION 22 Horner's syndrome or Horner syndrome is a clinical syndrome caused by damage to the sympathetic nervous system. Ptosis of 1-2 mm Miosis anhidrosis
