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1. Design and develop a flowchart or an algorithm that takes three coefficients (a, b, and c)
of a Quadratic equation ( ax2+bx+c=0 ) as input and compute all possible roots.
Implement a C program for the developed flowchart/algorithm and execute the same to
output the possible roots for a given set of coefficients with appropriate messages.
#include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> int main() { float a, b, c, d; float root1, root2, real, img; printf("\nEnter the values of a b and c:\t"); scanf("%f%f%f",&a, &b, &c); if((a == 0)&&(b == 0)) { printf("\nInvalid inputs"); } else { d = (bb)-(4ac); if(d == 0) { printf("\nRoots are real and equal:::"); root1 = root2 = -b/(2a); printf("\nRoot1 = %.3f \nRoot2 = %.3f", root1, root2); } else if(d > 0) { printf("\nRoots are real and distinct:::"); root1 = (-b+sqrt(d))/(2a); root2 = (-b-sqrt(d))/(2a); printf("\nRoot1 = %.3f \nRoot2 = %.3f", root1, root2); } else { printf("\nRoots are real and imaginary:::"); real = -b/(2a); img = (sqrt(fabs(d)))/(2a); printf("\nRoot1 = %.3f+i%.3f", real, img); printf("\nRoot2 = %.3f-i%.3f", real, img); } } }
Output:
Enter the values of a b and c: 1 6 9 Roots are real and equal::: Root1 = -3. Root2 = -3.
Enter the values of a b and c: 1 -5 3 Roots are real and distinct::: Root1 = 4. Root2 = 0.
Enter the values of a b and c: 1 4 7 Roots are real and imaginary::: Root1 = -2.000+i1. Root2 = -2.000-i1.
3a). Design and develop a flowchart to find the square root of a given number N. Implement
a C program for the same and execute for all possible inputs with appropriate messages.
#include<stdio.h> main() { double j; int i, n; printf("\nEnter a number:"); scanf("%d", &n); j = n; for(i=1; i<=n*2; i++) { j = (j+(n/j))/2.0; } printf("\nSquare root of given number is %lf", j); } Output:
Enter a number: 4 Square root of given number is 2.
Enter a number: 3. Square root of given number is 1.
3b). Design and develop a C program to read a year as an input and find whether it is leap
year or not. Also consider end of the centuries.
#include<stdio.h> main() { int year; printf("\nEnter valid year:"); scanf("%d", &year); if(((year%4==0) && (year%100!=0)) | |(year%400==0)) { printf("\n%d is a leap year", year); } else { printf("\n%d is not a leap year", year); } } Output:
Enter valid year: 2012 2012 is a leap year
Enter valid year: 2200 2200 is not a leap year
5. Draw the flowchart and Write a C Program to compute Sin(x) using Taylor series
approximation given by Sin(x) = x - (x3/3!) + (x5/5!) - (x7/7!) + ……. Compare your result
with the built- in Library function. Print both the results with appropriate messages.
#include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> main() { float degree, x, term, sum, i; printf("\nEnter the value in degree:"); scanf("%f", °ree); x = degree(3.14/180); sum = 0; term = x; i = 1; do { sum = sum+term; term = ((-1)termxx)/((i+2)*(i+1)); i = i+2; }while(fabs(term)>=0.000001); printf("\n Value of sin(%0.2f) is %0.2f", degree, sum); printf("\n Using library function value of sin(%0.2f) is %0.2f", degree, sin(x)); } Output:
Enter the value in degree: 45 Value of sin(45.00) is 0. Using library function value of sin(45.00) is 0.
Enter the value in degree: 30 Value of sin(30.00) is 0. Using library function value of sin(30.00) is 0.
6. Develop an algorithm, implement and execute a C program that reads N integer numbers
and arrange them in ascending order using Bubble Sort.
#include<stdio.h> main() { int n, temp, a[50], i, j; printf("\nEnter number of elements to be taken:"); scanf("%d", &n); printf("\nEnter elements:"); for(i=0; i<n; i++) scanf("%d", &a[i]); for(i=0; i<n-1; i++) { for(j=0; j<(n-1-i); j++) { if(a[j+1] < a[j]) { temp = a[j]; a[j] = a[j+1]; a[j+1] = temp; } } } printf("\nElements after sorting:"); for(i=0; i<n; i++) printf("%d\t", a[i]); } Output: Enter number of elements to be taken: 5 Enter elements: 22 33 11 44 22 Elements after sorting: 11 22 22 33 44
printf("\nMatrix elements B:\n"); for(i=0; i<p; i++) { for(j=0; j<q; j++) { printf("%d\t", b[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } if(n != p) { printf("\nMultiplication not possible"); } else { for(i=0; i<m; i++) { for(j=0; j<q; j++) { c[i][j] = 0; for(k=0;k<n;k++) { c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j]; } } } } printf("\nMatrix elements C:\n"); for(i=0; i<m; i++) { for(j=0; j<q; j++) { printf("%d\t", c[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } }
Output: (1) Enter number of rows and columns of Matrix A: 2 2 Enter matrix elements A: 1 2 3 4 Enter number of rows and columns of Matrix B: 2 3 Enter matrix elements B: 5 8 6 9 7 10 Matrix elements A: 1 2 3 4 Matrix elements B: 5 6 7 8 9 10 Matrix elements C: 21 24 27 47 54 61 (2) Enter number of rows and columns of Matrix A: 2 2 Enter matrix elements A: 1 2 3 4 Matrix elements A: 1 2 3 4 Enter number of rows and columns of Matrix B: 3 2 Enter matrix elements B: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Matrix elements B: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Multiplication not possible
9a). Write and execute a C program that, implements string copy operation STRCOPY (str1,
str2) that copies a string str1 to another string str2 without using library function.
#include<stdio.h> void STRCOPY(char s1[], char s2[]); main() { char s1[20], s2[20]; printf("\nEnter a string:"); gets(s1); printf("\nString s1:"); puts(s1); STRCOPY(s1, s2); printf("\nString s2:"); puts(s2); } void STRCOPY(char s1[], char s2[]) { int i = 0; while(s1[i] != '\0') { s2[i] = s1[i]; i++; } s2[i] = '\0'; } Output: Enter a string: hello how are you String s1: hello how are you String s2: hello how are you
9 b) Write and execute a C program that, Read a sentence and print frequency of vowels and
total count of consonants.
#include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> #include<ctype.h> main() { char s[50], ch; int ac=0, ec=0, ic=0, oc=0, uc=0, con=0, n, i; printf("\nEnter a sentence:"); gets(s); n = strlen(s); for(i=0; i<n; i++) { if(isalpha(s[i])) { ch = tolower(s[i]); switch(ch) { case 'a': ac++; break; case 'e': ec++; break; case 'i': ic++; break; case 'o': oc++; break; case 'u': uc++; break; default: con++; break; } } } printf("\n Number of occurences of a is %d" , ac); printf("\n Number of occurences of e is %d", ec); printf("\n Number of occurences of i is %d", ic); printf("\n Number of occurences of o is %d", oc); printf("\n Number of occurences of u is %d", uc); printf("\n Number of occurences of consonants is %d ", con); } Output: Enter a sentence: C Programming Lab Number of occurences of a is 2 Number of occurences of e is 0 Number of occurences of i is 1 Number of occurences of o is 1 Number of occurences of u is 0 Number of occurences of consonants is 11
Output: Enter the value: 4 Enter the number of rotations: 2 Value is 1 Do you want to continue?: y Enter the value: 9 Enter the number of rotations: 2 Value is 16386 Do you want to continue?: y Enter the value: 8 Enter the number of rotations: 2 Value is 2 Do you want to continue?: y Enter the value: 7 Enter the number of rotations: 1 Value is 32771 Do you want to continue?: n
10 b) Design and develop a C function isprime (num) that accepts an integer argument and
returns 1 if the argument is prime, a 0 otherwise. Write a C program that invokes this
function to generate prime numbers between the given range.
#include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> int isprime(int n); void main() { int x, y, i, flag = 0; printf("\nEnter the range: "); scanf("%d %d", &x, &y); for(i=x; i<=y; i++) { if(isprime(i)) { printf("%d ", i); flag=1; } } if(flag == 0) printf("\nThere are no prime numbers in this range"); } int isprime(int n) { int i; if( n==0 || n==1) return 0; for(i=2; i<=sqrt(n); i++) { if(n%i == 0) return 0; } return 1; } Output: (1) Enter the range: 24 26 There are no prime numbers in this range (2) Enter the range: 4 15 5 7 11 13
12. Given two university information files “ studentname.txt ” and “ usn.txt ” that contains
students Name and USN respectively. Write a C program to create a new file called
“ output.txt ” and copy the content of files “studentname.txt” and “usn.txt” into output file in
the sequence shown below. Display the contents of output file “ output.txt ” on to the screen.
#include<stdio.h> void main() { FILE *fp1, *fp2, *fp3; char name[50], usn[50]; fp1 = fopen(" student.txt ", " r "); if(fp1 == NULL) printf("File1 Not found"); fp2 = fopen(" usn.txt ", " r "); if(fp2 == NULL) printf("File2 Not found"); fp3 = fopen(" output.txt ", " w "); while(!feof( fp1 ) && !feof( fp2 )) { fscanf( fp1 , "%s", name); fscanf( fp2 , "%s", usn); fprintf( fp3 , " \n %s %s", name, usn); } fclose(fp1); fclose(fp2); fclose(fp3); fp3 = fopen(" output.txt ", " r "); printf("-----------------------------\n"); printf("NAME\t\tUSN\n"); printf("-----------------------------\n"); while(!feof( fp3 )) { fscanf( fp3 , "%s", name); fscanf( fp3 , "%s", usn); printf("\n%s\t\t%s", name, usn); } fclose(fp3); } Input files:
student.txt usn.txt Output:
NAME USN
person1 414CS person2 414CS person3 414CS output.txt person person person
4 14CS
4 14CS
4 14CS
person1 4 14CS person2 4 14CS person3 4 14CS
