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Final review for Introduction to Public health.
Typology: Exams
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Final Exam Thursday PBH 110 Chapters 11- Chapter 11-Chronic Diseases o Most are preventable o Multiple causes-risk factors o Long period of onset o Possibility of secondary prevention Still in preclinical state o Most require animal models o Major diseases to review Cardiovascular disease Diabetes-factors that lead to insulin resistance Cancer Alzheimer’s and other dementias Arthritis Be familiar with each disease and big picture ideas of how Public Health can address prevention Chapter 12-Maternal Health o Teratogen- something that causes a birth defect o Congenital defects Major cause of death and disability in infants and chldres 3-4% of newborns have major abnormality apparent at birth Causes Inherited genes Birth injury Mothers exposed to teratogens o Environmental Tertogens Infectious pathogens Environmental chemicals Drugs Alcohol Tobacco and Illegal Drugs are NOT teratogens but do cause problems o Newborn screenings Drop test for metabolic abnormalities All are screened for PKU and hypothyroidism Some conditions are difficult to test for (cystic fibrosis) Only when it benefits the newborn Chapter 13-actual causes of death o Know the leading causes of death and the actual causes of death o Importance of education, regulation, prohibition (?) o Social Determinants of health Education level, economic stability, neighborhood and built environment, health and health care, social and community context
Chapter 14- Social Factors of health o Health is predicted by SES o Racial minorities have poorer health than whites o Health is also affected by gender, marital status, race, and ethnicity o Why SES? Nutition Sanitation Conditions of the physical environment o Psychological factors Stress Adverse physical social conditions Mortality Changes, dailty hassles Social Supports Buffer stress Microagressions o Health belief model Several factors determine whether a person is likely to change behavior when faced with a health issue Extent of vulnerability Severity of threat Barriers to taking action Perceived effectiveness of taking action (Self-efficacy)-the sense of having control over one’s life o Transthrorestical Model- making a change requires a process Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Example: smoking cessation o Ecological Model Intrapersonal level Interpersonal level Institutional Community Public policy Chapter 15-Tobacco o Respiratory diseases o Role of nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide