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A series of questions and answers related to pathophysiology, covering topics such as cell injury, adaptation, necrosis, genetic disorders, and multifactorial inheritance. It serves as a valuable resource for students studying human biology, medicine, or related fields, offering a comprehensive overview of key concepts and their applications.
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a patient develops bilateral lower extremity weakness after a prolonged period of bed rest. which condition has most likely developed - CORRECT ANSWER-disuse atrophy a patient has hypertrophy of a muscle. the nurse finds which of the following are increased - CORRECT ANSWER-cell size a patient has an asphyxial injury causing oxygen molecules not to reach the blood. the nurse is caring for which patient - CORRECT ANSWER-a patient involved with suffocation a nurse is bandaging a tear/rip in the patient's skin that has abraded and irregular edges. the patient has which condition - CORRECT ANSWER-a laceration which term does the nurse use to describe a reversible response to a normal condition, such as when the uterus enlarges when pregnant - CORRECT ANSWER-adaptation a patient has acetaminophen toxicity. which organ is the priority assessment - CORRECT ANSWER-liver which patient does the nurse assess first - CORRECT ANSWER-a patient with heat stroke a patient steps on a nail. which type of injury does the nurse report the patient has sustained - CORRECT ANSWER- puncture wound
a patient has a hypoxic injury. a nurse recalls this type of injury causes damage to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and results in which process - CORRECT ANSWER-decreased protein synthesis a nurse teaches the staff about methods to prevent medical errors. which information does the nurse include in the teaching session - CORRECT ANSWER-use checklists to ensure completion of tasks which bodily change does the nurse expect in an older patient - CORRECT ANSWER-total body potassium levels decrease a nurse teaches a patient with metaplasia the meaning of the term metaplasia. which information indicates successful teaching - CORRECT ANSWER-it is a reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less differentiated cell type a patient has chemical asphyxiation from carbon monoxide intoxication. the nurse expects the patient's skin to be which color - CORRECT ANSWER-cherry red a nurse provides care for a patient with an illumination injury. the nurse is caring for which patient - CORRECT ANSWER-a patient with headaches from a fluorescent lamp a patient is scheduled to have a cast removed from their left arm. for anticipatory teaching, what does the nurse share with the patient - CORRECT ANSWER-the arm may be shrunken because of muscle atrophy from lack of use a patient has intracellular lipid accumulation. which organ does the nurse monitor as being the most common site - CORRECT ANSWER-liver a patient has coagulative necrosis from severe ischemia to the heart. while planning care, which pathophysiologic process
a nurse teaches about cell injury and death. which themes does the nurse include in the teaching session - CORRECT ANSWER-calcium entry alterations protein misfiling defects increased reactive oxygen species which term does the nurse use to describe the condition in which a patient has a loss of muscle mass and strength - CORRECT ANSWER-sarcopenia a patient has vascular degeneration from hypoxia. which information does the nurse remember when planning care for this patient - CORRECT ANSWER-potassium moves out of the cell an infant has criminal du chat syndrome. the nurse realizes this syndrome is caused by deletion of the short arm in which chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER- 5 a patient is homozygous for a recessive trait. how does the nurse document this finding on the punett square - CORRECT ANSWER-aa a patient's condition has cells that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes. which term does the nurse use to describe this finding - CORRECT ANSWER-aneuploidy which information indicates the nurse has an accurate understanding of ribonucleic acid (RNA) - CORRECT ANSWER-it occurs as a single strand which term does the nurse use to describe the protein that checks the accuracy of the patient's DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA polymerase
a nurse provides care for a child with down syndrome. which type of transmission occurred - CORRECT ANSWER- aneuploidy a coworker asked a nurse what the primary constituent of chromatin is. what is the nurse's best response - CORRECT ANSWER-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) a nurse reads a pedigree chart and notices a double bar. how does the nurse interpret this finding - CORRECT ANSWER- mating of close relatives or consanguinity which information indicates the nurse has a correct understanding of mutations in patients - CORRECT ANSWER- mutations are any inherited alteration of genetic material a nurse teaches a group of patients with hereditary disease about deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). which information indicates a correct understanding of the teaching - CORRECT ANSWER- DNA is the genetic code for making all the body's proteins a patient has two alleles at a given locus that are the same. how does the nurse report this finding - CORRECT ANSWER- the patient is homozygous a nurse describes adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. which subject is the nurse discussing - CORRECT ANSWER- rungs of the ladder in DNA a nurse discusses genetics by using the words silent, missense, and nonsense. which pathophysiologic mechanism is the nurse describing - CORRECT ANSWER-mutations a nurse discusses the outward appearance of a patient. which term does the nurse use to describe this appearance - CORRECT ANSWER-phenotype
if a woman has a brca1 mutation, she has an increased risk of developing which cancers - CORRECT ANSWER-colon cancer breast cancer ovarian cancer what is the proportion of the population affected by a disease at a specific point in time - CORRECT ANSWER-prevalence rate which gene mutations are the most common known causes of inherited breast cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-brca brca mouse studies have shown the genes that encode which hormone may play an important role in obesity and weight loss
why are genetic studies of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder particularly challenging - CORRECT ANSWER-the disorders are heterogenous in nature susceptibility to alcoholism has been connected to genes that encode components of gamma aminobutyric (gaba) receptors. what effect does the gaba system have on a person's mood - CORRECT ANSWER-makes the person feel calmer if a pregnant woman uses retinoic acid during her pregnancy, which body parts and systems of the baby will be adversely affected - CORRECT ANSWER-ears heart central nervous system which population is most susceptible to developing stomach cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-japanese the nurse discusses autoimmunity with the patient. what information will the nurse include about autoimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER-there is a genetic component to autoimmune disease a pediatric patient presents with an arthur's reaction in the right upper arm. which allergic incident does the nurse suspect for this reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-vaccination what knowledge does the nurse use to care for a patient with primary immune deficiency disorder - CORRECT ANSWER- primary immune deficiency is caused by genetic anomaly a nurse prepares a teaching poster about routes of transmission for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). which routes are included - CORRECT ANSWER-contact with infected blood breast feeding by an infected mother sexual intercourse with an infected partner
protozoa which is a chrome, progressively destructive bacterial infection caused by klebsiella granulomatis - CORRECT ANSWER- granuloma inguinale a kidney transplant patient is experiencing an organ rejection is this patient experiencing - CORRECT ANSWER-acute families with one parent who has allergies are likely to result in allergies in about 40% of offspring, but how high can the incidence of allergies be in offspring when both parents have allergies - CORRECT ANSWER-80%