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Pathophysiology final
{Nightingale}
A patient with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what causes polyuria. What is the nurse's best response? The symptom of polyuria in diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by
Increase glucose in Urine
If a patient with diabetes has advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), what does the nurse suspect is happening in the patient's body?
Tissue/ cellular injury
Which information should the nurse include in a lecture on syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? SIADH results in excessive
renal retention of water without sodium retention.
A patient with Graves disease has subcutaneous swelling of the anterior leg. Which term should the nurse document on the chart?
Pretibial myxedema
A student nurse asks the nurse what causes acromegaly. The nurse should explain that acromegaly is caused by abnormal increases of:
Growth hormone
The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) involves:
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
A patient has thyroid carcinoma. Which of the following will the nurse find on assessment?
Small thyroid nodule
Which is the appropriate method for diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?
Evaluating fasting plasma glucose levels
Which of the following statements indicates that the nurse needs more teaching? Hyperglycemia can lead to chronic complications of diabetes through:
suppression of oxidative stress.
Graves disease is an example of a:
Type II hypersensitivity
A patient asks the nurse about the best treatment for multiple myeloma? How should the nurse respond?
Chemotherapy
A patient has acute leukemia. A nurse recalls the cell most affected by this disease is a:
blast cell.
A patient has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which laboratory report should the nurse monitor closely in this patient?
Lymphocyte counts
A patient has a "shift to the left" or "left shift." Which other term can the nurse use to describe this finding?
Leukemoid reaction
If a patient has secondary hypertension, the nurse realizes that the patient has an
abnormal blood pressure caused by:
an underlying disease.
A patient has atherosclerosis. Which factor associated with endothelial injury will the nurse observe written in the history?
Autoimmunity
A nurse is asked what causes Prinzmetal angina. How should the nurse respond?
Prinzmetalanginaiscausedby
vasospasm.
Mitogens, such as angiotensin II, and growth factors stimulate:
Smooth muscle proliferation.
The nurse recalls risk factors that are associated with atherosclerosis. These include primary hypertension and
advanced age.
When conducting a physical assessment of a patient during an acute asthma episode, the nurse would expect to observe:
pulsus paradoxus.
A patient asks the nurse what is most closely associated with the development of lung cancer? How should the nurse respond?
Cigarette smoking
A patient has pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. The primary care provider suspects a pulmonary embolus. Which laboratory test should the nurse check to help confirm this diagnosis
D-dimer levels
Underlying the pathophysiology of ARDS is massive pulmonary
inflammation.
A patient in the emergency room reports coughing up blood, night sweats, and recently "feeling tired all of the time." The patient is feverish. Which medical condition does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
Tuberculosis
A patient has dysmenorrhea and the primary care provider prescribes a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication. When should the nurse advise the patient to take this drug?
At or before the onset of menses
Benign ovarian cysts are classified as:
follicular, corpus luteum/luteal, or dermoid.
The most important risk factor in the development of prostate cancer is:
older age.
A patient has a cystocele. What other condition should the nurse assess for in this patient?
Stress incontinence
A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of duodenal ulcers. Which information should the nurse include?
H. pylori
The nurse is caring for a variety of patients. Which patient is most at risk for a paralytic ileus?
A patient with postoperative abdominal surgery
Which of the following complications will cause the most concern for a nurse who is caring for a patient with a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
Strangulation
A patient has gallbladder pain that is felt in the right shoulder. The nurse explains to the patient that the issue is the gallbladder, and that the pain in the shoulder is the result of which type of pain?
Referred
A characteristic of ulcerative colitis is:
the disease begins in the rectum and may advance back through the colon in a continuous manner.
A patient has a fracture that broke into several fragments. Which type of fracture did the patient sustain?
Comminuted
A patient fractures a bone in a place where there was a pre-existing disease. Which type of fracture is being described?
Pathological fracture
A middle-aged patient has a tumor that infiltrates trabeculae in spongy bone. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe documented on the chart?
Chondrosarcoma
Which of the following assessment symptoms are typical in a patient who has just sustained a femoral fracture?
Pain and swelling in the thigh
