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Pathophysiology Exam 1 South College
50 Questions And Well Elaborated
Answers 2025/2026 Completed
A+ SCORE
Which organelle, after protein synthesis is completed, is responsible for proteins to get packaged, processed and secreted?
Golgi apparatus
A patient has an abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus due to an increase in estrogen levels. How can such a condition be reversed?
Treatment with hormone therapy
A client is diagnosed with a condition in which the brain cells cannot withstand low oxygen delivery long enough for cell reversible changes to happen. Identify the condition.
Hypoxia
What does a pulse oximeter measure?
Saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SaO2)
By which process are findings identified that represent distinct disease processes to help with diagnosis?
Pathognomonic changes
During an endoscopic examination on a patient, it is found that the client has acid reflux. Which condition associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) warrants close monitoring and aggressive treatment?
Barrett's esophagus
A patient is diagnosed with failure of the thyroid gland due to increase in apoptotic cell death causing hypothyroidism. Which terminology do you expect to be applied to the patient's condition?
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Which aspects of polymerase chain reaction or PCR are CORRECT?
All of the answers are correct about PCR
A client presents to the hospital with difficulty in speaking, excessive salivation, and ataxia. Physical exam shows jaundice, ascites and Kayser-Fleisher rings in the eyes. Which of the follow is the most common initial or early presentation of adults with Wilson disease?
Hepatic dysfunction and/or cirrhosis
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 main stages of acute inflammation?
Granulomatous changes
Which of the following statements from a malnourished patient with a large wound is the BEST nutrition plan for wound healing?
"I will need dietary supplements like Ensure, Enlive or Carnation Instant Breakfast for healing."
Which medication can cause Reye's syndrome in children when used to control a fever?
Aspirin
What are pyrogens?
Substances that cause fever
Movement of WBC in response to chemicals released from damaged tissue is called:
Chemotaxis
While assessing the vital signs of an adult patient, the nurse records a blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg and body temperature as 103°F. Given the treatments below, which one is the BEST for reducing fever?
Administer aspirin
You are a nurse assigned to a patient diagnosed with hospital-acquired MRSA which is Staphylococcus aureus that is methicillin resistant and has manifested as osteomyelitis. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding this bacteria?
Which of the following would be a disease vector?
A living being such as a mosquito, fly, or tick carrying but not infected by a pathogen
Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
What common virus causes infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein Barr
Which bacterial pneumonia below primarily infects middle aged and older patients, was first discovered in 1976 at a convention in Philadelphia when people broke out with the infection and it was later discovered in the warm, moist air conditioning system, and this bacteria thrives in many types of water delivery systems like produce sprinklers at grocery stores?
Legionella pneumophilia AKA Legionnaire's disease
Which of the following viruses is a severe hemorrhagic virus, spread by person to person blood or body fluid contact, a member of the family of filoviruses, and has high virulence with mortality rates up to 90%?
Ebola virus
A nurse practitioner works in a college infirmary. Which reason does the NP identify for the incidences of Neisseria meningitides within the college population?
College living exists in close, crowded quarters
The nurse practitioner is providing care to a client with a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for HIV ab and it is also confirmed by western blot analysis. On examination, the patient is found to have fever, weight loss, and a Candida infection. The patient also reports having night sweats. Which CD4 level or count does the patient likely have given this information?
200 cells per microliter
At your clinic, you have a young patient who is sexually active and would like to know how to prevent HIV as he has many sexual partners. Which statement below is NOT TRUE about HIV prevention?
Taking the HIV vaccine is the best way to prevent HIV right now.
Which is the predominant immunoglobulin produced after a host's re-exposure to an antigen?
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
Which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT or INCORRECT about hypogammaglobulinemia?
"The diagnosis is usually made when a child is 1 year old."
Eosinophils
Which white blood cells are the primary responders in defense against antigens or foreign invaders using phagocytosis and are part of the innate immune system?
Macrophages
Which blood type is known as the universal donor?
O-
A mature erythrocyte lacks:
A nucleus
There is an increased risk of spina bifida and cleft palate/lip for a fetus when the mother has:
Folic acid deficiency anemia
You are the provider for a patient who presents with hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly, the treatment plan included a splenectomy to improve their anemia. What is most concerning regarding the patient's new condition of living without a spleen?
Infections with encapsulated organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Klebsiella, and Salmonella.
An adult male patient who reports weakness and fatigue is found to have developed mild anemia which is microcytic and hypochromic. The patient's labs reveal low serum iron, low ferritin, high total iron binding capacity, normal B12, normal folate. What should be the next step in working up this patient's anemia?
Determining if the patient is bleeding by checking his stools for blood and considering colonoscopy and EGD
The presence of a deep venous thrombosis greatly increases the risk of a:
Pulmonary embolism
Which lab test would measure the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade?
Prothrombin time test (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR)
Which of the following is TRUE about the differences between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of clot formation?
