Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Problems: Questions and Answers, Quizzes of Pathophysiology

Download Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Problems: Questions and Answers and more Quizzes Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity!

ADMIN

[COMPANY NAME] [Company address]

Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice

Problems QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to ___________ of the remaining liver cells. A. Metaplasia B. Organ atrophy C. Compensatory hyperplasia D. Physiologic hyperplasia - Correct Answers: C An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being able to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes associated with aging include: (Select all that apply.) A. Improved blood flow B. Slowed metabolic rate C. Decreased brain weight D. Improved nerve fiber conduction E. Less respiratory capacity - Correct Answers: B, C, E A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of: A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization B. Presence of unexpected cell types C. Ischemic changes in cell sample D. Abnormally high numbers of cells - Correct Answers: A The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize? A. White blood cell levels with differential

A. Decreased pupillary light response B. Increased GI motility C. Decreased short-term memory D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates - Correct Answers: D This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your lecture powerpoint Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with: A. Increased growth hormone level B. Regulation of the stress response C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone D. Depressed adrenal gland function - Correct Answers: B You know it's not A because I mentioned in an earlier slide that growth hormone levels decrease with stress. We didn't mention thyroid-stimulating hormone as one of the ones associated with the stress repsonse so you can pretty much assume that's not right. And we know adrenal function is not depressed because ACTH from the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an individual's ability to adapt to stress? (Select all that apply.) A. Ethnicity B. Age C. Socioeconomic status D. Gender E. Health status - Correct Answers: B, C, D, E "Ability to adapt to stress" = mediating factors! Slide 28 of this powerpoint

Two people experience the same stressor yet only one is able to cope and adapt adequately. An example of the person with an increased capacity to adapt is the one with: A. A sense of purpose in life B. Circadian rhythm disruption C. Age-related renal dysfunction D. Excessive weight gain or loss - Correct Answers: A Back to mediating factors. Which of these things do you think would help a person deal with stress? Disruption in sleep cycle (B) will definitely not help, age-related renal dysfunction (C) is an indicator of poor health status which also would not help, and excessive weight changes (D) are also likely to cause more stress than alleviate it. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include: (Select all that apply.) A. Redness B. Fatigue C. Swelling D. Warmth E. Fever - Correct Answers: A, C, D The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives first and in great numbers? A. Basophils B. Lymphocytes C. Neutrophils D. Platelets - Correct Answers: C

A patient underwent an open cholecystectomy 4 days ago and her incision is now in the proliferative phase of healing. The nurse knows that the next step in the process of wound healing is: A. Inflammation B. Maturation C. Remodeling D. Coagulation - Correct Answers: C A patient arrives at her follow-up appointment 1 month post-hysterectomy and complains to the nurse that her scars do not seem to be healing properly. Upon inspection, the nurse notices that the scars are raised but still within the boundaries of the original incisions. The nurse tells the patient this kind of dysfunction wound healing is called: A. Hypertrophic scarring B. Dehiscence C. Contracture D. A keloid - Correct Answers: A A patient with an 18 pack per year history presents to a family practice clinic complaining of painless hoarseness and inability to clear mucus. A biopsy of respiratory tract cells is taken and shows that these cells have been replaced by less mature squamous epithelium cells. The nurse knows this type of change is referred to as: A. Dysplasia B. Metaplasia C. Hyperplasia D. Coagulation - Correct Answers: B A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell: A. Number

B. Size C. Vacuoles D. Lipofuscin - Correct Answers: B During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as _____ atrophy. A. Physiologic B. Pathologic C. Disuse D. Neurogenic - Correct Answers: B When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will: A. Increase in size B. Decrease in length C. Increase in excitability D. Increase in number - Correct Answers: A A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to: A. Malnutrition B. Free radicals C. Ischemia D. Chemical toxicity - Correct Answers: C A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?

A 23-year-old pregnant female visits her primary care provider for her final prenatal checkup. The primary care provider determines that the fetus has developed an infection in utero. Which of the following would be increased in the fetus at birth? A. IgG B. IgA C. IgM D. IgD - Correct Answers: C An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens. Which cells should be isolated? A. Lymphokine-producing cells B. Cytotoxic T cells C. Helper T cells D. Macrophages - Correct Answers: B Which of the following statements indicates more teaching is needed regarding secondary lymph organs? ________is/are a secondary lymph organ. A. The spleen B. Peyer patches C. Adenoids D. The liver - Correct Answers: D After a patient is exposed to a specific antigen, B cells will differentiate into: A. B cytotoxic cells B. Plasma cells

C. Bursal cells D. Clonal equivalents - Correct Answers: B Direct effects of antibodies include (Select all that apply): A. Neutralization B. Agglutination C. Precipitation D. Phagocytosis E. Division - Correct Answers: A, B, C Directly, antibodies can affect infectious agents or their toxic products by ... Neutralization (inactivating or blocking the binding of antigen to receptors) Agglutination (clumping insoluble particles that are in suspension) Precipitation (making a soluble antigen into an insoluble precipitate) A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective? A. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors B. Protease inhibitors C. Entrance inhibitors D. Highly active antiretroviral therapy - Correct Answers: D DiGeorge syndrome is a primary immune deficiency caused by: A. Failure of B cells to mature B. Congenital lack of thymic tissue C. Failure of formed elements of blood to develop D. Selective IgG deficiency - Correct Answers: B

A. Hyperchromic B. Hypochromic C. Macrocytic D. Microcytic - Correct Answers: B A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with normocytic-normochromic anemia. Which of the following anemias does the nurse suspect the patient has? A. Sideroblastic anemia B. Hemolytic anemia C. Pernicious anemia D. Iron deficiency anemia - Correct Answers: B A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia). How should the nurse respond when the patient asks what causes pernicious anemia? A decrease in ______ is the most likely cause. A. Ferritin B. Gastric enzymes C. Intrinsic factor D. Erythropoietin - Correct Answers: C How should the nurse prepare a patient who is to receive a Schilling test for pernicious anemia? A. Administer radioactive cobalamin and measure its excretion time B. Measure antigen-antibody immune complexes C. Measure serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity D.Administer folate and evaluate folate content in a blood serum sample - Correct Answers: A

A 21-year-old female was recently diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. In addition to fatigue and weakness, which of the following clinical signs and symptoms would she most likely exhibit? A. Hyperactivity B. Spoon-shaped nails C. Gait problems D. Petechiae - Correct Answers: B A 50-year-old female was diagnosed with sideroblastic anemia. Which of the following assessment findings would most likely occur? A. Bronze colored skin B. Decreased iron C. Normochromic erythrocytes D. Aplastic bone marrow - Correct Answers: A A 57-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for red face, hands, feet, ears, and headache and drowsiness. A blood smear reveals an increased number of erythrocytes, indicating: A. Leukemia B. Sideroblastic anemia C. Hemosiderosis D. Polycythemia vera - Correct Answers: D A staff member asks what leukocytosis means. How should the nurse respond? Leukocytosis can be defined as: A. A normal leukocyte count B. A high leukocyte count C. A low leukocyte count

C. Proliferation of T cells D. Filtration of antigens from the blood - Correct Answers: C T cell production and proliferation occurs in the thymus Prior to leaving on a backpacking trip to Southeast Asia, a college student has received a tetanus booster shot. This immunization confers protection by way of what immune process? A. Passive natural immunity B. Active natural immunity C. Passive artificial immunity D. Active artificial immunity - Correct Answers: D Active artificial immunity includes immunizations An example of passive natural immunity would be maternal IgG in baby An example of active natural immunity would be developing immunity in response to infection (e.g., chickenpox) An example of passive artificial immunity would be giving an antitoxin for a snake bite An immunology nurse is caring for a patient. While planning care, which principle will the nurse remember? The primary role of IgA1 is to prevent infections in the: A. Blood B. Kidneys

C. Lungs D. Mucous membranes - Correct Answers: A IgA1 found in blood, IgA2 found in secretions A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of: A. Toxoids B. IgA C. IgE D. IgM - Correct Answers: C IgE is a mediator of many common allergic responses A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is: A. Hypergammaglobulinemia B. Increased maternal IgG C. Immune insufficiency D. Decreased maternal antibody breakdown, resulting in hyposensitivity - Correct Answers: C Remember, we are immunologically immature when born

B. T cells C. B cells D. neutrophils - Correct Answers: C A secondary immune response differs from the primary immune response in that: A. It is more rapid than the primary response and results in higher antibody levels B. It is slower than the primary response and doesn't chance the antibody levels C. It occurs at the same time as the primary response but results in a decrease in antibodies D. It only occurs in hyperallergic reactions and results in a decrease in antibodies - Correct Answers: A A 5-year-old female takes a hike through the woods during a school field trip. Upon returning home, she hugs her father, and he later develops poison ivy. Which of the following immune reactions is he experiencing? A. IgE-mediated B. Tissue-specific C. Immune complex D. Cell-mediated - Correct Answers: D - type IV hypersensitivity A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from: A. Immunodeficiency

B. Autoimmunity C. Anaphylaxis D. Tissue-specific hypersensitivity - Correct Answers: C A nurse recalls an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is: A. Bronchial asthma B. Contact dermatitis C. Serum sickness D. Rheumatoid arthritis - Correct Answers: C When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of: A. Autoimmunity B. Alloimmunity C. Homoimmunity D. Alleimmunity - Correct Answers: A When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, she realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient's body.