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alteration that enables cells to maintain a
steady state despite adverse conditions
cellular adaptation
TERM 2
survival of cell adaptation depends on
changes in what
DEFINITION 2
size or shape without affecting function
TERM 3
a decrease in cell size, mishaped
cells
DEFINITION 3
atrophy
TERM 4
causes reduction in oxygen consumption and
other cellular functions
DEFINITION 4
atrophy
TERM 5
5 causes of cellular
adaptation
DEFINITION 5
disuse- castdenervation- spine injuryloss of endocrine
stimulationinadequate nutritionischemia
decreased blood flow
ischemia
TERM 7
increase in cell size and in amount of
functioning tissue, takes more energy
DEFINITION 7
hyperatrophy
TERM 8
cells increase oxygen consumption and
cellular functions
DEFINITION 8
hypertrophy
TERM 9
3 cellular functions of
hypertrophy
DEFINITION 9
physiologicpathologiccompensatory
TERM 10
example of physiologic hypertrophy
DEFINITION 10
want to do it, weight lifting
compensatory physiologic example of
hyperplasia
give part ofliver to baby which grows and yours regenerates
TERM 17
pathologic example of hyperplasia
DEFINITION 17
skin warts, prostate large and interfers with other functions
TERM 18
reversible replacement of one cell type by
another adult cell type
DEFINITION 18
metaplasia
TERM 19
metaplasia occurs from what 2
things
DEFINITION 19
chronic irritation and inflammation
TERM 20
deranged cell growth resulting in change of
cells size, shape and organization
DEFINITION 20
dysplasia
dysplasia may do what if trigger is removed
and its a concern why
go back to normalcan implicate cancer precursor
TERM 22
in dysplasia, cell go to immature state and
example is
DEFINITION 22
cervical secretions, lungs of smokers
TERM 23
5 injurious agents of cell
injury
DEFINITION 23
physical agentsradiationbiologic agentsnutritional
imbalanceschemical agents
TERM 24
3 factors of physical agents of cell injury
DEFINITION 24
mechanical forces like bodily impactextremes of
temperature- some cells cant replace themselveselectrical
injuries- not sure of damange
TERM 25
drugs capable of directly or indirectly
damaging tissues and example
DEFINITION 25
chemical agentslead
controlled cellular
autodigestion
apoptosis
TERM 32
apoptosis eliminates cells that
are
DEFINITION 32
worn out, produced in excess, genetic damange and
improperly developed
TERM 33
3 exampls of apoptosis
DEFINITION 33
deve of neral connectionsremoval of cells in lining of
intestinesremoval of blood cells at end of life
TERM 34
4 types of necrosis
DEFINITION 34
liquefactivecaseousfatcoagulative (gangrene
TERM 35
cell death in organ or tissue that is part of
living person- burn/heart attack
DEFINITION 35
necrosis
in necrosis there is loss of cell membrane
integrity with what
uncontrolled release of products of death intro intravascular
space
TERM 37
involves unregulated enzymatic digestion of
cell components
DEFINITION 37
necrosis
TERM 38
usually from bacterial infections in brain,
enzymes not destroyhed
DEFINITION 38
liquefactive
TERM 39
results from TB, form granulomas which
burst
DEFINITION 39
caseous
TERM 40
lipase breaks down TG
DEFINITION 40
fat necrosis
when you have dry gangene what happens
dry, shinks, skin wrinkles, color change to brown/black.
TERM 47
rapid tissue deteroiration, no line of
demarcation, affects interal organs or
extremities
DEFINITION 47
wet gangrene
TERM 48
wet gangrene does what to skin
DEFINITION 48
cold, swollen, pulseless, skin moist, black and taut. bacteria
causes foul odor, blisters form and liquefaction occurs
TERM 49
clostridium bacteria produces toxnin that
dissolves cell membranes
DEFINITION 49
gas gangrene
TERM 50
gas gangrene causes what 4
things
DEFINITION 50
muscle cell deahtmassive spreading of edemaRBC hemolysis-
-> hemolytic anemiarenal failure
gas gangrene causes renal failure why
due to debre being circulated through kidneys
TERM 52
bubbles of what from muscle tissue form in
gas gangrene
DEFINITION 52
hyrogen sulfride
TERM 53
amputation is normally required with what
gangrene
DEFINITION 53
gas
TERM 54
involves abnormal calicum depositts, occurs
in dead or dying tissue
DEFINITION 54
dystrophic
TERM 55
found in atherosclerosis
DEFINITION 55
dystrophic
occurs in Tay Sachs, jaundice from increase
bilrubin or fat from alocholic liver
abnormal endogenous products intracellular accumulations
TERM 62
environmental agents like coal dust and
asbestos
DEFINITION 62
exogenous intracellular accumulations
TERM 63
3 mechanisms that cause cell injury or death,
how injurious agents exert their effect on cell
DEFINITION 63
free radicalhypoxis/ischemiaintracellular calcium
TERM 64
deprives cell of oxygen and interrupts
oxidative metabolism and ATP generation
DEFINITION 64
hypoxia
TERM 65
hypoxia results from what
DEFINITION 65
inadequate amount of oxygen in the airrespiratory disease or
inability of cells to use oxygenischemiaanemia- not adequate
number of RBCedema
in hypoxia, what happens with sodium and K
pump
sodium and water build up in cell, potassium is pushed out so
impairs sodium K pump causing not enough oxygen in air,
altitude, cells cant use oxygen there
TERM 67
impairs cell function, cell doesnt
die
DEFINITION 67
reversible cell injury
TERM 68
2 patters of reversible cell injury in cell
DEFINITION 68
cellular sweeling and fatty changes
TERM 69
impairment of Na/K pump usually from
hypoxic cell injury
DEFINITION 69
cellular swelling
TERM 70
intracellular accumulation of fat, liver
susceptible, kidney and heart
DEFINITION 70
fatty changes
TBW varies with
what
age and body fatincrease body fat, less waterinsensible fliud
loss
TERM 77
who has higher water needs
DEFINITION 77
womenfat people
TERM 78
water moves between plasma and interstitial
fluid across what
DEFINITION 78
semi permable capillary membrane
TERM 79
pulling of water high to low concentration
DEFINITION 79
osmosis
TERM 80
pushing of water or lymph from high pressure
to low pressure
DEFINITION 80
hydrostatic pressure
pulling of water from interstitial into vascular
space from high con to low con
oncotic or collodial pressure
TERM 82
electrolytes move through what
DEFINITION 82
diffusion and active transport
TERM 83
total number of dissolved particles/liter of
fluid
DEFINITION 83
osmolality
TERM 84
osmotic pressure of 2 solutions seperated by
a semi permable membrane
DEFINITION 84
tonicity
TERM 85
equal amounts of solute and solvent; stays in
intravascular space where I put it
DEFINITION 85
isotonic
IV solution for hypotonic
0.45% NaCl half normal saline
TERM 92
when would you give a hypptonic IV solution
and when for hypertonic
DEFINITION 92
when p is dehydrated\cell edema, brain swelling
TERM 93
normal blood osmolality
DEFINITION 93
290-295 milliosmoles
TERM 94
when giving IVfluid you need to know what so
dont cause shrink/enlargement of cells
DEFINITION 94
tonicity
TERM 95
produced in brain, stored in pitutary gland
and released for regulation of water
DEFINITION 95
ADH
vasoconstrictor and inhibitor of water
excretion
ADH
TERM 97
ADH is secreted when?
DEFINITION 97
increased plasma osmolalitydecease in blood volume (BP
drops)
TERM 98
perception of thirst triggers what
DEFINITION 98
ADH
TERM 99
when cells are dehyrated, increases ECF
osmolality or decreased blood volume cause
DEFINITION 99
perception of thirst
TERM 100
renin is released by kidneys when change in
what
DEFINITION 100
BP, amount of sodium in renal tubule and GFR
