Download Pathophysiology Cumulative Final Exam Questions and Answers and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Patho Cumulative Final Exam (100%
Verified Elaborations) Questions and
Answers (GRADED A)
Manual lymph drainage has been shown to be ineffective for patients with lymphedema a. True b. False b. Active acquired immunity refers to protection acquired by introduction, either naturally from the __________ or artificially by __________. environment vaccination Key laboratory values for the physical therapist assistant to be aware of as part of a Basic Metabolic Panel includes all but which of the following? a. Potassium b. Blood glucose c. Blood urea nitrogen d. White blood cells d.
Cellular injury can be caused by internal and external factors. Anti-oxidants can help protect the body from cellular damage due to toxic factors like the creation of free-radicals. An excess of beta carotene has no adverse effects on cellular metabolism and function. a. True b. False b. Which of the following cardiac medications is used to decrease the force of contraction of the heart and reduce heart rate? a. Beta-blockers (Atenolol) b. Antiadrenergic agents (Clonidine) c. Calcium-channel blockers (Felodprine) d. Adrenergic blockers (Terazosin) a. A patient with a diagnosis of left-sided heart failure is referred for physical therapy. What signs and symptoms will likely be demonstrated during exercise? a. Severe, uncomfortable chest pain with shortness of breath. b. Weight gain with dependent edema. c. Anorexia and nausea with abdominal pain and distension. d. Dyspnea with fatigue and muscular weakness. d. Which of the following factors is the most predictive of a patient developing an adverse drug reaction?
a. True b. False a. Cells can adapt to chronic stress/injury in different ways. Which of the following can be described as a reduction in cell and organ size following vascular insufficiency, malnutrition, or immobilization? a. Hypertrophy b. Hyperplasia c. Atrophy d. Dysplasia c. A patient with an immunodeficiency is more likely to develop opportunistic infections they might have otherwise resisted. A patient with a B-cell deficiency is most susceptible to which of the following pathogens? a. Viral b. Fungal c. Bacterial d. Protozoa c. This common infectious disease causes an inflammation of the parenchyma and can involve more than one lobe. It is a common complication of acute respiratory infections especially in the older adult. Which of the following diseases is being described?
a. COPD b. Pneumonitis c. Pneumonia d. Osteomyelitis c. Which of the following is a true statement regarding benefit of exercise when considering health promotion and disease prevention? a. There is no benefit to exercise. b. Exercise will decrease life expectancy. c. Exercise can reduce mortality and morbidity. d. Exercise is not effective at reducing risk factors for disease. c. Hypertrophy, the increase in the size of a cell or organ resulting from increased demands, can occur in all cells. Cardiac hypertrophy is a safe and reasonable adaptation to high blood pressure. a. True b. False b. Tricuspid stenosis, or stiffening of the tricuspid valve, causes difficulty in transfer of blood from which of the following? a. Left ventricle to the aorta
a. Diminished lung volumes b. Arterial oxygen desaturation c. Insufficient stroke volume during ventricular systole d. Excessive rise in blood pressure c. A physical therapist assistant discusses risk factors associated with coronary artery disease with a patient in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Which risk factor would be the most relevant for this patient? a. Age b. Elevated serum cholesterol c. Family history d. Gender b. Many Adverse Drug Reactions can be prevented. a. True b. False a. Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Assistants can play a vital role in health prevention activities. Which one of the following is not an activity a PT/PTA would be involved in? a. Advocating for community systems and resources.
b. Educating our patients about healthy lifestyles. c. Identifying and addressing risk factors. d. Reducing cancer recurrence through chemoprevention d. Physical therapist assistants work with patients with multiple system involvement. To help the patient and their body respond to stress, which of the following should be an important focus of interventions? a. Development of a strenuous exercise plan to build their immune system b. Continuation of exercise program regardless of blood test results to ensure a training effect. c. Maximizing oxygen transport centrally and peripherally to assist with cellular function. d. Ensuring inclusion of high-impact activities to prevent osteoporosis. c. A regular exercise program can show positive effects for those with hypertension. Post-exercise hypotension can be observed for how long after exercise? a. 30 minutes b. 2 hours c. 6 hours d. 24 hours c.
b. A patient with a fluid volume excess will exhibit which of the following symptoms? a. Decrease in blood pressure. b. Orthostatic hypotension. c. Dyspnea. d. Altered levels of consciousness c. Which of the following levels of disease prevention and health promotion are aimed at removing or reducing risk factors? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Chemoprevention a. Which of the following is not a disease or a condition affecting the cardiac muscle directly? a. Angina Pectoris b. CHF c. Arrhythmia d. MI c.
The behavioral change theories have a number of differences and commonalities. Which of the following is a common construct across the theories discussed? a. There are 5 stages of change. b. The individual needs to be ready to make a change. c. Motivational interviewing needs to occur. d. The individual needs to fail before being successful. b. Strenuous exercise can trigger a rise in blood neutrophils and stimulate phagocytic activity in what period of time. Which type of exercise is most likely to cause this effect? a. Isometric b. Eccentric c. Isokinetic d. Isotonic b. The physical therapist assistant should be aware of Starling's Law or theory of fluid dynamics because it best describes which of the following physiologic actions of the lymphatic system? a. When interstitial pressure is greater than intralymphatic pressure, water and proteins flow into the lymphatic system. b. When interstitial pressure is less than intralymphatic pressure, water and proteins flow into the lymphatic system. c. The right upper extremity and thoracic lymphotome drain into the right lymphatic duct.
c. Elevated arterial blood pH, elevated PaCO d. Low arterial blood pH, low PaCO2. a. Which of the following describes the primary difference between the Nagi Model of Disablement and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model of disability? a. The Nagi model is newer and the more accepted model. b. The ICF model includes contextual factors such as the environment and personal factors when classifying disability. c. Both models describe impairments and functional limitations. d. There are no differences between the two models. b. Which of the following is not associated with an increased risk of falls? a. Diuretics b. Narcotics c. Anemia d. All are associated with increased risk of falls d. Which of the following is a key marker for an individual who has had a myocardial infarction (heart attack)? a. Creatine kinase levels
b. Arterial blood gas levels c. Prothrombin Time d. Vitamin B12 levels a. A patient has had their right clavicle removed following a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following structures are now more vulnerable to injury? a. Aortic arch b. Left ventricle c. Right middle lobe of the lung d. Left common carotid artery a. A physical therapist assistant works with a patient who is HIV+ and has been admitted to an acute care hospital for a course of intravenous antibiotics. The patient's medical record states that he has had a persistent cough producing bloody sputum for four weeks and that airborne precautions should be observed. The most likely rationale for this level of precaution is which of the following? a. To decrease the risk of exposing the immunocompromised patient to pneumonia. b. To decrease the risk of exposing the immunocompromised patient to active tuberculosis. c. To decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to pneumonia. d. To decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to active tuberculosis. d.
d. Wheezing d. Which of the following is associated with thickening and hardening of the walls of the small arteries? a. PVD b. CAD c. Arteriosclerosis d. Atherosclerosis c. The physical therapist assistant has a patient on their schedule with a plan of care that includes patient education regarding the benefits of exercise. Which of the following should be incorporated into patient education? a. Exercise can help prevent injury and prevent disease. b. Exercise is important to improve fitness and health but it does not improve life expectancy. c. Exercise is just as effective as traditional medical management of cancer d. Exercise has no effect at reducing risk factors for chronic conditions. a. A patient with insulin-dependent diabetes has been placed on a course of corticosteroids for their concurrent condition of asthma. It has been recommended that they increase their insulin monitoring. Which is the most likely effect of corticosteroids on their insulin?
a. They may need to decrease their dose of insulin. b. They may need to increase their dose of insulin. c. Corticosteroids have no effect on insulin levels. b. There are a number of conditions that affect multiple systems. Which one of the following conditions does not affect multiple systems? a. Congestive Heart Failure b. Systemic Lupus Erythematosis c. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease d. All affect multiple systems d. Which of the following is the correct definition for 'health literacy'? a. A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. b. The degree to which an individual has the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information. c. A positive outcome that is meaningful for people and they perceive their life as going well. d. An effort taken to allow an individual, group, or community to achieve awareness of and empowerment to pursue prevention and wellness. b. Cyanosis, a bluish color of the skin and mucous membranes, is dependent on oxygen saturation and hemoglobin levels.
a. 30 minutes b. 2 hours c. 4 hours d. 8 hours b. Individuals with a fluid volume deficit will have a decrease in blood pressure. a. True b. False a. Most myocardial infarctions are caused by which of the following? a. Coronary thrombus b. Periodontal disease c. Hyperchloestermia d. Aneurysm a. Exercise training can produce changes in the pharmacokinetics of a drug a patient is taking as part of management of their medical condition. Which of the following is a true statement regarding exercise and drug absorption? a. A single session of exercise can cause sudden changes in drug
absorption that have an immediate impact on the patient. b. A long-term exercise training program can cause unpredictable changes in a person's response to medication. c. Locally administered drugs (transdermal patch and/or injection) will have a reduction in its absorption with exercise. d. All exercise - related changes to drug interactions are immediate and don't need to be followed by family observation when at home. a. Standardizing risk factor assessment for the potential development of chronic conditions related to poor behaviors could significantly reduce health care costs. a. True b. False a. Older adults exhibit symptoms differently when experiencing an Adverse Drug Reaction a. True b. False a. Which of the following is not a typical response to aging of the cardiovascular system? a. There is increased capillary density.
