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Pathology RTE 2785: Chapters 1 and 2
Questions with complete solutions.
Can be either hereditary or a manifestation of traumatic, infectious, vascular, or
metabolic process. - CORRECT ANSWER -Disease
What is signaled by an onset of signs and symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Disease The experience patients describe and feel. These are subjective, not measurable, or
observable manifestations. - CORRECT ANSWER -What "Symptoms" represent.
The measurable or objective manifestations of disease process are? - CORRECT
ANSWER -What "Signs" represent.
Showing no signs of disease. - CORRECT ANSWER -Asymptomatic
Caused by physicians or their treatment. - CORRECT ANSWER -Iatrogenic
The underlying cause of disease. - CORRECT ANSWER -etiology
When the underlying cause for disease is unknown. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Idiopathic
Characterized by a group of signs, symptoms, and disease process. - CORRECT
ANSWER -Syndrome
Infections developed at the acute care facility. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Nosocomial
MEd term for tumors? - CORRECT ANSWER -Neoplasia
Infections developed outside the healthcare facility. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Community Acquired
The body's initial response to local injury. - CORRECT ANSWER -Inflammation
Membrane allowing fluids to pass through. - CORRECT ANSWER -Permeable
An excess of blood in the vessels supplying an organ or other part of the body. -
CORRECT ANSWER -Hypermia
Produces the hear and redness associated with inflammation. - CORRECT
ANSWER -Hypermia
When white blood cells cross capillary walls to injured tissues, engulfing and
enzymatically digest infecting organisms and debris. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Phagocytosis True or False?
The heart and myocardial infarction can heal by regeneration? - CORRECT
ANSWER -False
Tissue death due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area (localized area of
Ischemia). - CORRECT ANSWER -Infarction
Med term for tissue death. - CORRECT ANSWER -Necrosis
What are the 5 clinical signs of inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER -- Rubor
(redness)
- Calor (heat)
- Tumor (swelling)
- Dolar (pain)
- Loss of function
Med term for white blood cells. - CORRECT ANSWER -Leukocytes
Bacteria that lead to the production of a thick yellow fluid called pus. - CORRECT
ANSWER -Pyogenic
A localized, usually encapsulated collection of pus. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Abscess The accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissues spaces or
body cavities. - CORRECT ANSWER -Edema
Interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ, depriving the organ's
cells/tissues of oxygen or nutrients. - CORRECT ANSWER -Ischemia
What about a diagnostic mammogram differs from general "screening mammo"? -
CORRECT ANSWER -It has an additional view, a 90 degree mediolateral
position. A non-invasive imaging modality that uses high-frequency sound waves produced by
electrical stimulation of a specialized crystal, is? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Ultrasound
What causes the intensity of sound waves in ultrasound to fluctuate? - CORRECT
ANSWER -The difference in tissue densities they are traveling through.
In ultrasound, what are the echoes reflected back from the body during an exam called?
- CORRECT ANSWER -Reflections Generally ___ ___ produce strong echoes, while more ____ mass tissues produce
more weak reflections. - CORRECT ANSWER -- Water tissues
- Solid Ultrasound images can be displayed as either ____ ____ or ____ ____ ____ that permit
movement? - CORRECT ANSWER -- Static grayscale
- Multiple video images Tissue/structures in ultrasound that are echo free, lack signal, transmit easily, and are
the dark regions on an image are? - CORRECT ANSWER -Anechoic
Terms used to make comparisons of echo intensities between adjacent structure are? -
CORRECT ANSWER -- Hyperechoic
- Hypoechoic This term describes two structures that have the same echogenicity, even though the
tissues may not be the same. - CORRECT ANSWER -Isoechoic
Produces diminished noise images, increasing resolution in a hypersthenic patient so
that patient size does not prevent quality images. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Harmonic imaging The major limitations of ultrasound is the presence of acoustic barriers such as? -
CORRECT ANSWER -- Air
CT is extremely sensitive to slight __% differences in tissue densities. - CORRECT
ANSWER -
The CT number is also called? - CORRECT ANSWER -Hounsfield number
The highest and lowest CT numbers are? - CORRECT ANSWER -- Highest =
- Lowest = - The highest CT number represents ____ which appears ____ , and the lowest CT
number denotes ____, which appears ___? - CORRECT ANSWER -- Bone,
white.
- Air, black. Fat has a CT number less than ____, whereas soft tissues have CT numbers greater
than ____? - CORRECT ANSWER -0 for both
Scanning during or immediately after the administration of contrast material permits
what? - CORRECT ANSWER -The difference of vascular from nonvascular solid
structures. In patients with malignant lesions, the loss of adjacent fat planes strongly suggests what
pathology? - CORRECT ANSWER -Tumor extensions
CT number reflects what? - CORRECT ANSWER -The attenuation of specific
tissues relative to water, which equals 0. What is the preferred modality for imaging the central nervous system and spine? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
In MRI a substance causing high signal intensity (i.e. appears bright) is a? -
CORRECT ANSWER -T1-weighted image
What modality produces images in multiple planes without the use of ionizing radiation and receives no signal from bone so that underlying tissues can clearly be imaged? -
CORRECT ANSWER -MRI
What is the one disadvantage of MRI? - CORRECT ANSWER -Longer scanning
times.
- Neurology A special software designed to overlay or fuse multidimensional computed data from
MRI, CT, Nuc med, SPECT, or PET is called? - CORRECT ANSWER -Integrated
imaging
