

Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Class: MICR 22 - Microbiology; Subject: Microbiology; University: Mt. San Antonio College; Term: Fall 2014;
Typology: Quizzes
1 / 2
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Disease Name: Candidiasis: thrush, vulvovaginitisProkaryotic/Eukaryotic: EukaryoticGram Stain & Morphology: + Dimorphic yeastSpores: ChlymidosporesMotility: Non-motileFeatures: 20% women carry in vagina; higher in pregnancy/oral contraceptives.Pathogenic Properties: Inflammatory response to overgrowth of the yeast that is normally present at low levels in normal floraHigh Risk Ind.: Immunocompromised individuals & those on antibioticsParts of Body Infected: Mouth (thrush), pharynx, esophagus, intestines, vagina, urinary bladderTransmission: Sexual contact w/ infected individual; improperly cleaned bottlesPortals of Entry: Vagina, mouth, skin foldsIncubation:Period of Illness:Contagious:Symptoms:Thick, whitish discharge, itch, burn; white patches in mouth; skin infections in folds of obese people & diabeticsComplications:Immunocompromised at risk of becoming systemic, causing fungemia (candidemia).Diagnostic Method:Microscopic examination; culturePrevention:Keeping skin clean, dry, free from open wounds; change of dietVaccine: No TERM 2
Disease: Name:Athletes foot; ringworm; jock itchProkaryotic/Eukaryotic:EukaryoticGram Stain & Morphology:+Spores:Multicelluar arthrosporesOxygen Reqs:AerobicMotility:Features: Long ago believed to be caused by worms. Causes hair to fall out due to secretion of keratinase by fungiPathogenic Properties:High Risk Ind.:People w/ suppressed T-Cell functioningReservoir:Humans & animals (esp. cats & dogs)Parts of Body Infected:Stratum corneum of skin via minor traumatic lesionsTransmission:Barbershop clippers; contaminated shower stalls/locker roomsPortals of Entry:Minor traumatic lesions on skinIncubation:10- 14 daysPeriod of Illness:Contagious:May persist for long periodsSymptoms:Scaly patches of skin, usually in circular shape. Itchy, dry & can make hair brittle & break offComplications:Chronic infection for those w/ low T-cell countDiagnostic Methods:Fungal culturePrevention:Adequately cleaned surfaces that come into contact with skinVaccine: No TERM 3
Disease: Name:CryptococcosisProkaryotic/Eukaryotic:EukaryoticGram Stain & Morphology:+ Oval yeast cellsSpores:YesOxygen Req:AerobicMotility:Features: Dimorphic yeast as mold in bird feces. Considered the most dangerous fungal disease in humansPathogenic Properties:Infection starts in lungs, disseminated via blood to meninges & other parts of body. Capsule inhibits phagocytosisHigh Risk Ind.:Suppressed immune system (AIDS, transplant, cancer patients).Reservoir:Grows as mold in pigeon & other bird fecesParts of Body Infected:Initially lungs, then meningesTransmission:AirbornePortals of Entry:Respiratory system: inhalation of spores from fecesIncubation:Widely variable: few to many weeks.Period of Illness:Meningitis is chronic: progressive & fatal if untreatedContagious:Not considered to be contagious among humansSymptoms:Meningitis: headache, stiff neck, paralysis seizures, disorientation. Lungs: productive cough, fever, weight lossComplications:Death (over 25% of deaths from fungal disease)Diagnostic Methods:Microscopic exam of encapsulated yeasts in sputum or cerebrospinal fluid, bloodPrevention:Remove bird feces, avoid dust blowing from bird fecesVaccine: TERM 4
Disease: Name:Tuberculosis (TB)Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic:ProkaryoticGram Stain & Morphology:+ Acid fast bacillusSpores:Motility:Oxygen:Obligate aerobeFeatures: Infects over 1/3 world population. Can infect any part of body (extrapulmonary), but usually lungs (pulmonary).Pathogenic Properties:Colonization of alveoli causes inflammatory response; organisms picked up by macrophages & carried alive to other body tissues.High Risk Ind.:Homeless; HIV infected; institutionalized peopleReservoir: HumansParts of Body Infected:a) cleared by host, b) remain viable to re-active later, c) continue to grow & damage lungs & other organsTransmission:Aerosol dropletsPortals of Entry:Respiratory system (obligate intercellular)Incubation:Weeks to yearsPeriod of Illness:Chronic: may persist for years if not treatedContagious:As long as bacteria in sputumSymptoms:Chronic cough w/ blood tinged sputum, fever, night sweats, weight lossComplications:DeathDiagnostic Methods:Sputum culture; stain acid fast bacilli; Chest X-ray; TB skin testingPrevention:Avoid contact w/ those who have disease;Vaccine:BCG vaccine (controversial in US) TERM 5
Disease: Name:LeprosyProkaryotic/Eukaryotic:ProkaryoticGram Stain & Morphology:+ Acid fast bacillusSpores:Motility:Oxygen: AerobeFeatures: Least severe form = tuberculoid (plaques on skin); most severe = lepromatous (thickened nodules).Pathogenic Properties:Invasion of small nerves of skin, attack of immune cells against infected nerves produces nerve damage, leading to deformity; multiplies in macrophages.High Risk Ind.:2x common in men than women; poverty, rural setting are risk factorsReservoir:ArmadilloParts of Body Infected:Nose, fingers, toes, other body partsTransmission:Direct contact w/ nasal mucosa to skin & resp. tract of another. Close contact favored. Can survive up to 7 days in dried nasal secretionsPortals of Entry:Skin & respiratory tractIncubation:5-7 yearsPeriod of Illness:Contagious:Lost w/in a day of beginning treatment w/ multidrug therapySymptoms:Hypo-pigmentation or reddish skin lesions w/ definite loss of sensation, involvement w/ peripheral nervesComplications:DeathDiagnostic Methods:Clinical signs in regions where endemic; acid-fast/silver staining; growth on footpads of mice.Prevention:Improving living conditions in endemic regionsVaccine:BCG (shown mixed results); no vaccine specifically for leprosy