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Patho Final- Jersey exam with correct answers
Epiglottis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔acute infection, caused by bacteria H. Influenza type B. common in children 3-7 years old, increasing in adults. S/S include rapid fever and sore throat child refuses to swallow. Drooling of saliva, inspiratory stridor heard, anxious pale sitting with mouth open struggling to breath. Treatment consists of oxygen and antimicrobial therapy. Influenza - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔viral infection that may affect both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. S/S acute onset fever, marked fatigue, aching pains in the body. May cause viral pneumonia. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive unless bacterial infection occurs. Antiviral drugs such as amantadine, zanamivir or oseltamivir taken by adults In first 2 days may reduce symptoms and duration. status asthmaticus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔persistent severe attack of asthma that does not respond to therapy. Often related to inadequate medical treatment, may be fatal owing to severe hypoxia and acidosis leading to cardiac arrhythmias or central nervous system depression. Postoperative atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Commonly occurs 24 to 72 hours after surgery particularly abdominal surgery. small areas of atelectasis are asymptomatic large areas cause Disneyland Chris heart and respiratory rate and chest pain.
Lung cancer how to teach patient - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Women are more apt to develop lung cancer and died of it than are men. Almost 90% of lung cancers are related to smoking. Brain damage, functional area of the brain where impairment of the body - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The left hemisphere also referred to be responsible for mathematical problem solving and logical reasoning abilities. The right hemisphere has greater influence on artistic abilities creativity spatial relationships and emotional and behavioral characteristics. Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cranial nerves that control eye movement. Brain damage, dominant hemisphere of the brain - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The dominant hemisphere refers to the side of the brain that controls language, which in most people is the left hemisphere Signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Decreasing level of consciousness, headache, vomiting. Vital signs increasing blood pressure with increasing pulse pressure,slow heart rate. Signs affecting vision papilledema, pupil fixed and dilated. Cushing's reflex - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cerebral ischaemia develop, which stimulates a powerful response from the vasomotor centers in an attempt to increase the arterial blood supply to the brain.
Another treatment of severe depression involve electroconvulsive therapy or ECT, shock treatments which increases number of the norepinephrine activity, but where result in some memory loss. Meningitis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An infection, usually of bacterial origin, in the meninges of the CNS. Many microbes can infect the CNS and all age groups are susceptible. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent deficits or death. Signs and symptoms sudden onset of meningitis is common with severe headache, back pain, photophobia, and neutral rigidity. Vomiting, irritability, invitar depressing to super or seizures are common early indicators of increased ICP. Sympathetic and parasympathetic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Autonomic nervous system is composed of two other nervous systems what are they? What are the different diseases that you can tell by looking at the eye
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Nystagmus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An involuntary abnormal movement of one or both eyes. Seizure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sudden, involuntary movement with loss of awareness, caused by uncontrolled neuronal discharge in the brain. Papilledema - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Caused by increased ICP and swelling of the optic disc.
Visual disturbances - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Conjunctivitis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Superficial inflammation or infection involving the conjunctiva lining the eyelids and covering the sclera. Allergens, bacteria, viruses, or airplane and chemicals in the air or a frequent cause of information, resulting and redness, itching, and excessive tearing with the watery discharge. Organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus cause the highly contagious pink eye which appears frequently in children. Gonorrhea and chlamydia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔STDs that can get in eyes of newborn. Synthetic hormone to treat hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Glucagon Hormones that regulate calcium - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism Three different types of diabetes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Diabetes insipidus type 1 and type 2 Greatest risk of a type 1 diabetic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔As dehydration develops, the glomerular filtration rate in the kidney is decreased, and excretion of acids becomes more limited, resulting in decompensated metabolic acidosis, which has life-threatening potential.
Patient teaching strategies to treat acid reflux - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ What reduces the symptoms of dumping syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ What changes with renal disease what are the lab values? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Peritonitis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Inflammation or infection of the peritoneal membranes leading to hypovolemia, pain, and possibly septicemia. What are the lab values for renal disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Patient teaching for person getting diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ What are the restrictions for a dialysis patients diet? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Particularly protein and electrolytes, and also fluid intake are severely restricted. Glomerulonephritis is what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Anti streptococcal antibodies cause inflammation in the glomeruli of the kidney cause increased permeability in decreased GFR.
What are complications related to dialysis treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The Sun may become infected, or blood clots may form. Eventually the blood vessels involved at the shunt become slow roast or damage, & a new site must be selected. Patients on dialysis have an increased risk of infection by the hepatitis B or C viruses or human immunodeficiency virus. What does not emptying your bladder put you at the risk for? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Urinary tract infection Nephrosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Degenerative changes in the arterial cause ischaemia and necrosis of kidney tissue as well as increase blood pressure. Patient teaching for renal calculi - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Small stones can you pass eventually, the urine strange to catch stones for analysis. Prevention of recurrence related to specific risk factors is of primary importance. Treatment of the other line condition, address meant of urine pH by injection of additional acidic or alkaline substances, and increase fluid intake all minimize the risk of recurrence. Signs and symptoms common with renal carcinoma / bladder cancer?
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Renal carcinoma sign is usually painless hematiria either gross or macroscopic. Other manifestations include dull aching flank pain, a possible mass, unexplained weight loss, and anemia or erythrocytosis. Bladder cancer early sign is hematuria, gross and microscopic Dysuria or frequency may develop and infection is common.
