










Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Patho - chapter 5 quiz, practice quiz
Typology: Quizzes
1 / 18
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Answers to Exercises in Book: Stop and Consider Questions and Practice Exam Questions Short Answer (Stop and Consider Questions)
Answer: Disruption of cell wall synthesis is the most common antibacterial target.
Answer: The virus uses the host machinery for metabolism and reproduction; therefore, targeting and destroying the virus would also destroy the host cell.
Answer: Some microorganisms can live outside of the human host and can therefore reproduce on foods, in water, and on other environmental surfaces. Also, many microorganisms are considered resident flora and live on the surface of nonsterile areas of the body and only become pathogenic when the three lines of defense are disrupted or when the resident flora becomes imbalanced, such as with prolonged antibiotic treatment.
Answer: Direct contact: avoid touching, kissing, or otherwise coming in contact with reservoir. Droplet transmission: wearing gloves, gown, and mask to prevent droplet spread of infection. Airborne transmission: avoid breathing same air as reservoir, appropriate room ventilation. Vector transmission: avoiding contact with vectors, wearing repellent, and avoiding foods that are contaminated.
Answer: Bile contains bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin, electrolytes, and water. Bile is needed for fat emulsification and absorption. Damage to hepatocytes therefore inhibits bile production and can affect fat absorption causing problems with altered nutrition and bowel elimination.
(septicemia and chronic infection). Answer: Fulminant hepatitis and septicemia both represent severe acute manifestations of infection; cirrhosis is representative of a complication of chronic infection. Multiple Choice (Practice Exam Questions)
as you provide care for patients. Which of the following links in the chain will be broken by this activity? a. Reservoir b. Host c. Portal of entry d. Mode of transmission Answer: d
a. Age between 6 and 46 years b. Experiencing a surgery that is healing by primary intention c. Final examinations week d. A functioning immune system
infection and prevent spread?
Answer: d
carrier-state asymptomatic hepatitis B infection?
Answer: a
Answer: b
Answer: a
bacterial meningitis?
Answer: a
that causes TB) and helps to explain its pathogenesis?
Answer: c
effective prevention measure for malaria?
Answer: d
Answer: d
substance in most antibiotics.
another competing type (yeast).
female perineum.
Answer: b
host. Answer: a
Answer: a
Answer: c
Answer: a
envelope. What is the likely clinical manifestation if these bacteria become pathogenic?
Answer: c
Answer: a
instructed to take the antibiotic three times a day for 10 days. After the 4th day, you are feeling pretty good and decide that you do not need to finish the medication. What is the likely complication to result from this practice?
Answer: d
a high neutrophil count. This implies:
Answer: b
with redness between your toes. You look in your bathroom drawer where all of your medications are kept. You pull out the antibiotic ointment and apply this to the reddened areas. After 3 days of application, you have noticed no improvement. Why is this medicine not working?
Answer: b
avoid this infection except:
Answer: b
defenses and gradually change genetic composition during replication in the human host cell:
Answer: a
experiencing acute hepatitis. The patient is visibly jaundiced and reports dark urine and clay- colored stools. The liver is enlarged and tender. Which phase of acute hepatitis does this represent?
Answer: b
Answer: a
hepatitis?
disease.
Answer: a
Answer: b
Answer: a Short Answer
Answer: With droplet transmission, larger respiratory particles, produced by sneezing, coughing, or talking, can pass through the air from the reservoir to the host. In order for droplet transmission to occur, the host must be within three feet of the reservoir. The heavy droplet particles drop to the ground beyond this distance. Most respiratory illnesses are spread through droplet transmission. With airborne transmission, smaller respiratory particles can remain suspended in the air and are subject to airborne transmission. The particles can remain in the area of the reservoir for an extended period of time. Infection can be transmitted to a person entering this area and breathing the air.
You are reading your local newspaper and notice that there has been an outbreak of hepatitis A in a metro city about 75 miles from your home. The reported incidence is 100 per 100,000 population. Health officials have tracked the source to contaminated water from a series of connected lakes throughout that metro area.
between contact with the virus and the development of symptoms for these people? Is this an acute or chronic infection? Answer: Fecal–oral transmission is a problem of hand contact with infected feces, transmitting the virus to another when coming in contact with the oral mucosa. The contaminated water source harbored the pathogen, where it was then consumed or placed in contact with oral mucosa of individuals in and around the lakes. The incubation of hepatitis A is 1 to 2 months. It is an acute infection and does not typically display a carrier or chronic state.
Answer: Fatigue, anorexia, malaise, headache, and low-grade fever lasting about 2 weeks. Jaundice, dark urine, and clay-colored stools (icterus) lasting about 2 to 6 weeks follow this prodrome. The liver is enlarged and tender. Recovery is identified by the resolution of jaundice around 8 weeks after the initial exposure to the virus. Signs and symptoms improve with the exception of the liver, which remains enlarged and tender for an additional 1 to 4 weeks.
Answer: Presence of anti-HAV antibodies. Other tests that may aid in diagnosis and prognosis include the detection of bilirubin in the urine, elevated serum bilirubin levels (>30 mg/dL indicates more severe disease), and prolonged clotting time (a grave finding indicating impaired liver function).
Answer: Treatment of acute viral hepatitis, as with other viral infections, is symptomatic. Fluids, rest, and analgesics are recommended, particularly during the icteric phase of illness. Avoidance of strenuous physical activity or contact sports is often recommended due to liver enlargement. Since bile helps with fat emulsification and absorption and bile production may be impaired during liver disease, a low-fat diet is recommended. Avoidance of transmission to others is critical through careful handwashing, avoidance of contact with infected fecal material, and avoidance of contact with blood and body fluids where appropriate. The contaminated water sources need to be avoided until water testing no longer exhibits the presence of hepatitis A. Reference Case Study 4 (instructor resource only; not in text) Elizabeth is a 16-year-old Caucasian female who is a goalie on her high school soccer team. On October 15th, 2 days after a conference soccer match, she complained to her mother of not feeling well. She reported that she had nasal congestion, coughing, a low- grade fever, and a mild headache. Two days later, Elizabeth needed to stay home from school because her symptoms continued to get worse and progressed to a severe headache, photophobia, and a stiff neck. Her low-grade fever and poor appetite continued. On October 19th, her mother took her into the emergency room, concerned that her symptoms were just getting worse and that Elizabeth may have a brain tumor. She underwent blood and cerebrospinal fluid analyses. Her lymphocyte count was elevated; cerebrospinal fluid was negative (it did not contain bacteria or glucose). Physical examination was significant for positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs. She is diagnosed with aseptic meningitis.