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PATHO 370 FINAL EXAM|2025-2026|ACTUAL 140
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|GRADED A+
Most gallstones among patients in the United State are formed from: a. Pigment polymers b. Calcium c. Cholesterol d. Sulfur c. Cholesterol Regarding both acute and chronic cholecystitis, which statement is true? a. Chronic cholecystitis is often caused by fever and bacterial infection, whereas acute cholecystitis is not. b. Mild jaundice is more likely to be seen in chronic cholecystitis than in acute cholecystitis. c. Rupture of the gallbladder is more likely to occur with acute rather than chronic cholecystitis. d. Symptoms of chronic cholecystitis generally occur after a meal. c. Rupture of the gallbladder is more likely to occur with acute rather than chronic cholecystitis. The chronic inflammatory lesions in the pancreas and persistence of symptoms seen in chronic pancreatitis are most frequently the complications of
a. Hyperparathyroidism b. Hereditary factors c. Idiopathic causes d. Alcohol consumption d. Alcohol consumption Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease share several similarities. Specific distinctions or differences that are unique to Crohn disease include which of the following? (select all that apply) a. Increased risk for colorectal b. Smoking's increasing the risk c. Pain that is severe and localized d. Primary affecting of the proximal portion of the colon e. Increased risk for colorectal cancer f. Increased risk of developing intestinal cancer a. Increased risk for colorectal b. Smoking's increasing the risk c. Pain that is severe and localized Diabetes mellitus is most accurately defined as a disorder that affects a. The utilization of fats and glucose b. Glucose metabolism and utilization c. The metabolism of glycogen stores and glucose
d. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase b. Lipase The patients perceived difficulty in swallowing, the general inability to initiate swallowing, or even the feeling that swallowed solids or liquids "stick" in the throat is called a. Dyspepsia b. Stomatitis c. Dysphagia d. Odynophagia c. Dysphagia The most serious consequence of actor pancreatitis resulting from biliary obstruction is: a. Reoccurring episodes of hypoglycemia b. The development of circulatory shock c. Its conversion to chronic pancreatitis d. Stimulation of pancreatic proenzymes b. The development of circulatory shock Appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal conditions requiring emergency surgery. Although its symptoms sometimes overlap with those of
other abdominal disorders, appendicitis is initially characterized by which of the following? (select all that apply) a. Nausea b. Diarrhea c. Periumbilical pain d. Migrating lower-right abdomen pain e. Fever a. Nausea b. Diarrhea c. Periumbilical pain d. Migrating lower-right abdomen pain The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus most closely resembles that of a. Type 1 diabetes b. Type 2 diabetes c. Genetic defects of ß-cells d. Chemical-induced diabetes b. Type 2 diabetes Cushing syndrome differs from Cushing disease in that the term Cushing syndrome is used only to describe
In the acute phase of stroke, treatment is focused on stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular function In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily due to estrogen deficiency Bone healing may be impaired from nicotine use A fracture in which the bone is broken into two or more fragments is referred to: comminuted The most important preventative measure for hemorrhagic stroke is: blood pressure control Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly associated with the presence of rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in the bloodstream. This indicates that rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be:
an autoimmune process Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when a.No movement of the break is detectable b.The fracture site is pain-free c.The callus has been completely replaced with mature bone d.A cast in no longer required c. The callus has been completely replaced with mature bone The displacement of two bones in which the articular surfaces partially lose contact with each other is called: A) subluxation. B) subjugation. C) sublimation. D) dislocation. a. subluxation The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is a.Fever b.Pathological fracture
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rheumatic disease attributed to: A. Wear and tear on weight-bearing joints. B. Autoimmune mechanisms. C. Septic joint inflammation and necrosis. D. Unknown etiologic factors. B. Autoimmune mechanisms Although skin manifestations may occur in numerous locations, the classic presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) includes: A. Cracked, scaly areas in the webs of fingers. B. Lesions affecting the palms of hands and the soles of feet. C. Dry, scaly patches in the antecubital area and behind the knees. D. A butterfly pattern rash on the face across the bridge of the nose D. A butterfly pattern rash on the face across the bridge of the nose Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver disease An early indicator of colon cancer is
Change in bowel habits More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with alcoholism Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ______ of the gallbladder wall a. gangrene b. infection c. distention d. inflammation a. gangrene Premature infants are at greater risk for developing: a. necrotizing enterocolitis b. pseudomembranous colitis c. appendicitis d. diverticular disease a. necrotizing enterocolitis
The therapies that would be appropriate for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus include (select all that apply) a. carbohydrate counting b. high protein diet c. daily exercise d. insulin e.oral hypoglycemic agents a. carbohydrate counting c. daily exercise d. insulin It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones is inhibited by iron deficiency An increased urine bilirubin is associated with A. an increased indirect serum bilirubin. B. hemolytic reactions. C. Gilbert syndrome. D. hepatitis. d. hepatitis
The most common uterine tumors are known as Leiomyoma Characteristics of cystitis include (Select all that apply.) A. more common in women. B. less complicated in men. C. associated with catheterization of the bladder. D. fostered by stasis of urine. E. usually resolve without treatment. A. more common in women C. associated with catheterization of the bladder D. fostered by stasis of urine Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by decreased secretion of erythropoietin Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the cardinal ligaments
Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because they deficient in vitamin D A ureterocele is A cystic dilation of a ureter What reproductive tract disorder is most likely to be associated with urinary stress incontinence? Cystocele A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristic of Prostatic enlargement A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience fever
Endometriosis is a condition in which The presence of ectopic tissue outside the lining of the uterine cavity Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body because they have no cytoplasmic organelles Clinical manifestations of pleural effusion include (Select all that apply.) a. dyspnea. b. sharp pain in expiration c. productive cough. d. diminished breath sounds e. a tracheal shift, if large. a.dyspnea d. diminished breath sounds e tracheal shift, if large An acute asthma attack is associated with (Select all that apply.)a. bronchoconstriction.b. bronchial mucosal edema.c. hypersecretion of mucus.d. alveolar collapse.e. hypoxemia.
Common characteristics of sarcoidosis include (Select all that apply.) a. presence of CD4+ T cells b. a non-productive cough. c. leukocytosis. d. granulomas in multiple body systems. e. fatigue, weight loss, and fever. a. presence of CD4+ T cells b. a non productive cough d. granulomas in multiple body systems e. fatigue, weight loss, and fever A major risk factor for the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease is a. contaminated water. b. immunosuppression. c. being a male. d. overuse of antibiotics. b. immunosuppression
Left-sided heart failure is characterized by a. pulmonary congestion. b. decreased systemic vascular resistance. c. jugular vein distention. d. peripheral edema. a. pulmonary congestion Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome? a. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia) b. CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia) c. AML (acute myeloid leukemia) d. CML (chronic myeloid leukemia) d. CML Chronic myeloid leukemia A patient is diagnosed with CML (chronic myeloid leukemia). The patient may experience which of these symptoms? (Select all that apply.) a. Fatigue b. Weight loss c. Abdominal discomfort d. Joint pain e. Sweats
