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PALS RED CROSS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 UPDATE, Exams of Nursing

PALS RED CROSS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 UPDATE

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 10/28/2024

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PALS RED CROSS FINAL
EXAM
A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department with the parents. The child is
unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. Two emergency department providers
begin high-quality CPR. Which action(s) by the providers demonstrates high-quality
CPR? - Compressing the chest about 2 inches
Providing ventilations that last about 1 second each
Giving 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions
Allowing the chest to recoil fully after each compression
A 2-year-old child is brought to the pediatric urgent care clinic by the parent who says
that the child has had a barking cough for two days. During the rapid assessment of the
child, the provider hears audible inspiratory stridor. Which common cause of partial
upper airway obstruction in children would the provider most likely suspect? - Croup
A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in cardiac
arrest. When preparing to administer medications, which action would be appropriate for
the team to take? - Estimate weight using a length-based resuscitation tape.
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment
reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse rate is 65 beats per
minute. Which action would the provider initiate first? - Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 2
to 3 seconds.
A 4-year-old child suddenly collapses in the playroom of the facility. A healthcare
provider observes the event and hurries over to assess the child. The healthcare
provider completes which assessment first? - Rapid assessment
A 4-year-old patient presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, cold extremities and weak
pulses. Assessment also reveals an enlarged liver and neck vein distension. The
provider interprets these assessment findings as suggesting which type of shock? -
Cardiogenic
A 5-year-old child with a history of a chronic neuromuscular disease is experiencing
respiratory distress. The child is breathing spontaneously and receiving supplemental
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PALS RED CROSS FINAL

EXAM

A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department with the parents. The child is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. Two emergency department providers begin high-quality CPR. Which action(s) by the providers demonstrates high-quality CPR? - Compressing the chest about 2 inches Providing ventilations that last about 1 second each Giving 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions Allowing the chest to recoil fully after each compression A 2-year-old child is brought to the pediatric urgent care clinic by the parent who says that the child has had a barking cough for two days. During the rapid assessment of the child, the provider hears audible inspiratory stridor. Which common cause of partial upper airway obstruction in children would the provider most likely suspect? - Croup A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in cardiac arrest. When preparing to administer medications, which action would be appropriate for the team to take? - Estimate weight using a length-based resuscitation tape. A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate first? - Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds. A 4-year-old child suddenly collapses in the playroom of the facility. A healthcare provider observes the event and hurries over to assess the child. The healthcare provider completes which assessment first? - Rapid assessment A 4-year-old patient presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, cold extremities and weak pulses. Assessment also reveals an enlarged liver and neck vein distension. The provider interprets these assessment findings as suggesting which type of shock? - Cardiogenic A 5-year-old child with a history of a chronic neuromuscular disease is experiencing respiratory distress. The child is breathing spontaneously and receiving supplemental

oxygen. Which additional intervention is a critical component of airway management for this patient? - Airway clearance (e.g., suctioning) A 6-year-old child is brought to the emergency department. The child has been experiencing extremely watery stools over the past several days. After completing the assessment, the healthcare provider suspects that the child may be experiencing shock. Which type of shock would the provider most likely suspect? - Hypovolemic A 6-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department after a bicycle accident. Assessment reveals chest pain on inspiration, diminished breath sounds on the right side, and respiratory distress. The provider suspects obstructive shock caused by what condition? - Tension pneumothorax A 7-year-old child collapses on the playground at school. The school nurse is called to the scene and determines that the child is unresponsive and is not breathing and has no pulse. The nurse initiates CPR. At what rate and depth would the nurse deliver compressions to this child? - 100 to 120 compressions per minute at a depth of about 2 inches A 7-year-old patient with septic shock has received three balanced/buffered crystalloid fluid boluses (60-mL/kg) and reassessment reveals capillary refill of 3 seconds, diminished pulses, narrow pulse pressure and cool, mottled extremities. The emergency response team interprets these findings as indicating which type of septic shock? - Fluid-refractory A 9-year-old child is brought to the emergency department because the child suddenly collapsed at school. The child's ECG reveals the following waveform, and primary assessment findings indicate that the child has inadequate perfusion. Which primary assessment findings indicate this? - Signs of shock Acutely altered mental status Hypotension A 9-year-old patient is presenting with diminished breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate and a low O2 saturation level. The provider interprets these findings as indicating which condition? - Respiratory failure A 10-year-old child has collapsed in the gym of the elementary school. The school nurse arrives and determines that the child is unresponsive. The school nurse then simultaneously checks for breathing and a central pulse, limiting this assessment to which time frame? - No more than 10 seconds A 12-year-old child being evaluated in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following ECG waveform. The team interprets this as which arrhythmia? - Second- degree atrioventricular (AV) block, type I

A child is experiencing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with adequate perfusion and is to receive treatment. Which initial treatment would the provider administer? - Vagal maneuvers A healthcare provider is performing a primary assessment of a child in respiratory distress. The provider documents increased work of breathing when which findings are observed? - Nasal flaring Intercostal, substernal or suprasternal retractions Accessory muscle use A healthcare provider notices petechiae on the arms and legs while performing a rapid skin assessment of a child with a high fever and respiratory distress. Based on this assessment, which condition should the provider consider? - Life-threatening systemic infection A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing cardiac arrest. For which rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate? - pVT, VF A provider is assessing a child with suspected shock. Which statement correctly describes hypotension and shock? - Hypotension is not a consistent feature of shock presentation in children. A provider is caring for a 4-year-old child in the urgent care clinic. Primary assessment reveals difficulty breathing and an oxygen saturation of 91%. The provider administers oxygen by nasal cannula with the goal of improving the child's oxygen saturation to what percentage range? - 94 % to 99% A provider is forming an initial impression of a child using the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT). For which part of the PAT may the provider use the mnemonic TICLS to assess the patient? - Appearance After ROSC, a child is experiencing post-cardiac arrest hypoperfusion. The PALS resuscitation team would administer which element to restore intravascular volume and optimize preload? - Isotonic fluid boluses An 8-year-old child being treated in the emergency department has significant respiratory distress. The child also exhibits hives, wheezing, angioedema, tachycardia and dyspnea. The parents state that the child, who is allergic to peanuts, had eaten some popcorn that had peanuts in it. The team initiates care, preparing to administer which agent first? - Epinephrine An 11-year-old child develops ventricular tachycardia with a pulse with inadequate perfusion. The PALS team would prepare the child for which intervention? - Synchronized electrical cardioversion

An 11-year-old soccer player is brought to the emergency department. After a quick assessment, the team realizes this patient is experiencing a severe asthma exacerbation. Which medication would the team administer immediately? - Albuterol with or without ipratropium bromide An advanced airway was placed in a 5-year-old child. Which action(s) would be most appropriate for the team to take to confirm correct placement? - Auscultate over the lungs and epigastrium for air movement. Observe for bilateral chest rise. Evaluate results of capnography. An unresponsive 7-year-old child with no pulse is brought to the pediatric urgent care center by his parents and CPR is initiated. The cardiac monitor reveals ventricular fibrillation. Which action would the PALS team take first? - Initiate defibrillation with 2 J/kg. Assessment of a 3-month-old infant admitted with respiratory distress reveals fever, grunting and a wet, "junky" cough. The infant's parents said the child had a recent respiratory infection with a fever. A rapid respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test is positive. Which condition would the provider most likely suspect as the cause? - Bronchiolitis Laboratory tests are ordered for a child who has been vomiting for 3 days and is diaphoretic, tachypneic, lethargic and pale. Which test would the provider use to determine the adequacy of perfusion and oxygen delivery? - Lactate Primary assessment of a 10-year-old child reveals septic shock. As part of the secondary assessment, if not already done as part of initial sepsis care, laboratory testing is completed to evaluate the child's status. Which laboratory tests would be ordered for this child? - Complete blood count (CBC) Lactate level Blood cultures The emergency response team is providing care to a preschooler who is experiencing shock. The primary goal, common to all types of shock, is to restore a favorable balance between tissue perfusion and metabolic demand with a focus on what? - Oxygen delivery and oxygen demand The PALS resuscitation team is providing care to an intubated child in cardiac arrest. Which of the following can be used to monitor the adequacy of the team's chest compressions? - End-tidal carbon dioxide levels Presence of an arterial waveform or arterial blood pressure in patients with indwelling arterial catheters