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PADI Divemaster Flashcards 96
Questions
How do you master a motor-skill? - ✔ ✔ Practice with knowledge of results is essential. To speed learn you can:
- Watch demos of the skill
- Watch video of the skill
- Mentally rehearse the skill
How do you plan a dive by "thinking through the dive"? - ✔ ✔ 1. Think through everything you need to do and prepare
- Consider equipment, paperwork, etc.
- Consider from when you start preparing through to when you've completed all post-dive maintenance and have headed home How do you prepare to handle problems that may occur at a dive site? - ✔ ✔ 1. Have a strong knowledge base in dive theory and experience
- Have physical resources available - spare scuba equipment, tool kit, emergency oxygen and first aid, cable ties, bungee shock cord, nylon rope, duct tape, electrical tape, etc.
- Continuing education by taking diving and no diving courses
How does additional training help you gain experience? - ✔ ✔ 1. Offers more dive opportunities
- Exposes you to new and specialized information
How does adhering to standards help reduce risk? - ✔ ✔ 1. By following standards, you reduce the risk of an accident in the first place and improves safety
- If an accident it does happen and you were following standards then it reduces legal risk, is easier to show that you met your expected duty of care
How does position affect your ability with student diver control? - ✔ ✔ 1. Let's you see the group and instructor
- Permits you to respond quickly to a student diver who has a problem
- Allows you to direct student diver movement to and from the instructor as required
- Let's student divers get your attention easily
How does refraction affect divers? - ✔ ✔ 1. Magnifies objects underwater so they appear closer by a ratio of 4:3 for their actual and apparent distances
- Objects appear 25% closer than actual, or 33% larger than actual How does the PADI Quality Management Process help you reduce risk?
- ✔ ✔ 1. Identifying problems
- Correcting problems
- Documenting problem correction
How does the speed of sound in water affect hearing? - ✔ ✔ It makes it difficult to tell which direction sound is coming from
How may role model behavior affect other divers? - ✔ ✔ 1. Influences the choices they make
The signs and symptoms of psychological stress include: - ✔ ✔ 1. Being uncharacteristically withdrawn
- Talkativeness
- Irritability
- Distraction
- Perceptual narrowing True or False: Following local laws and regulations is just as important as following PADI standards? - ✔ ✔ True True or False: The first step in handling a problem is to inventory your resources. - ✔ ✔ False. The first step is to precisely identify the problem. True or False: When supervising certified divers, your most likely role as a dive master in the event of a dive accident is to assist someone who is more qualified? - ✔ ✔ False. This is possible typically when assisting with students in training, but when supervising certified divers, the DM is often the most qualified. True or False: Your "intent" is taken into consideration when determining negligence? - ✔ ✔ False. Intent foes not usually apply when determining negligence because it's unlikely that a dive professional would intentionally try to hurt another diver. Why does water dissipate body heat faster than air does, and at what does it do so? - ✔ ✔ 1. Because water is more dense than air, which means it has more mass for a given volume
- Because water forms weak bonds between its molecules, which require energy to overcome
Why is it important to include an environmental orientation in every briefing? - ✔ ✔ 1. Helps divers to dive in a manner that minimizes effects to the environment
- It familiarized those with little or no local diving experience with the specifics of the environment Why is risk management so important? - ✔ ✔ 1. It improves diver safety
- It reduces legal risk
- Helps maintain insurance coverage
- Keeps diving visible as a sport
Why is your judgement important when applying standards? - ✔ ✔
- Standards provide a framework, but you must use good judgement when applying the standard
- The fact that you were within standards alone won't defend your actions if it can be shown that a prudent dive professional would have acted more conservatively Why should you have liability insurance even if it's not required as an assistant? - ✔ ✔ 1. It's possible to be named in a law suite
- Helps cover legal costs
- Need coverage for damages should you be named liable by the court
- You are not automatically covered under the instructors insurance What 10 points does a dive briefing usually have? - ✔ ✔ 1. Dive site name
- Physical stress is stopped by removing the stressor
- Psychological stress is stopped by either removing stressor or changing the perception of the stress What are effective ways to remove stressors? - ✔ ✔ 1. For physical stress, typically straight forward
- Provide accurate info - helps to change perception of the stressor
- Explaining procedures helps by changing the individual's ability to cope with the stressor What are five examples of logistical functions you may perform to assist with student diver training underwater? - ✔ ✔ 1. Lead/follow
- Air checks
- Navigation
- Supervising the group
- Escort
What are four aspects of supervision in managing dives? - ✔ ✔ 1. Planning - making and acting on a plan
- Communication - provide dive details, info and briefing
- Vantage point - choose from where to supervise
- Recognizing problems - anticipate and identify possible problems What are four ways to encourage responsible diver behavior? - ✔ ✔
- Be a good role model - follow responsible dive practices 2. During planning, suggest or remind divers of responsible diving behavior that
apply to the dive 3. Make responsible diving easier logistically 4. Reward responsible dive behavior What are scuba review prerequisites and ratios? - ✔ ✔ Prerequisites: At least 10 years old, minimum certified entry-level diver, complete the PADI certified diver liability release and assumption of risk form Ratios: up to 10 divers in confined water, PADI instructors can offer this to non certified divers who are preparing to complete training What are the 24 basic dive skills from the PADI open water dive course?
- ✔ ✔ 1. 20 are open water dive skills
- 4 are skin diver skills What are the advantages of positioning pattern where students are in a line, instructor is at one end and DM at the other? - ✔ ✔ ADVANTAGES: You can see instructor and students and they can see you DISADVANTAGES: You are not as close to students at the other end Students can stir up the bottom affecting visibility What are the advantages of semi-circle or line student to instructor positioning? (Usually DM is positioned behind the students opposite the instructor) - ✔ ✔ ADVANTAGES:
Can see the entire group and instructor You are close to all students DISADVANTAGES:
What are the characteristics of the circular or semicircular search pattern? - ✔ ✔ 1. Effective for small objects over an obstructed bottom
- Requires a line and two divers What are the characteristics of the jack stay search pattern? - ✔ ✔ 1. Best choice to find a small object in a large area
- Reasonably accommodates bottom obstacles
- Primary drawback is that it's time consuming
What are the Discover Local Diving prerequisites and ratios? - ✔ ✔ Prerequisites: At least 10 years old, minimum certified entry-level diver, complete the PADI certified diver liability release and assumption of risk form Ratios: no specified ratios, use good judgement based on age, experience, environmental conditions, logistics, etc. What are the Discover Scuba Diving (DSD) ratios? - ✔ ✔ Divemaster: pool training (n/a), confined water training (n/a), open water 1st dive (n/a), open water 2nd + dive (2:1) DSD Leader: pool training (4:1), confined water training (2:1), open water 1st dive (n/a), open water 2nd + dive (2:1) What are the emergency management steps from the perspective of a DM? - ✔ ✔ 1. Assess the situation
- Act on your plan
- Delegate
- Provide basic life support and first aid as necessary
- Control the scene
- Evacuate the patient What are the five characteristics of responsible dive behavior? - ✔ ✔
- Planning dives within limits of training/experience
- Being properly equipped for the dive
- Checking air supply frequently and ending dive with appropriate reserve
- Staying within no-stop limits, making safety stops
- Diving in environmentally sensitive manner What are the general steps for handling a dive problem? - ✔ ✔ 1. Identify the problem precisely
- Inventory your resources
- Create several possible solutions
- Choose the best solution
- Assess and revise What are the methods and considerations for direct contact with a student diver? - ✔ ✔ 1. Be aware direct contact requires awareness and sensitivity
- Consider cultural perceptions
- Holding BCD at shoulder or low on outside is typically fine
- If contact is part of training (CESA), brief how contact will take place
What are three aspects of planning dives for remote areas? - ✔ ✔ 1. Logistics - food, gas, cylinder fills, bedding
- Emergency prep - more oxygen, supplies, etc.
- Self-sufficiency - ability to fix compressors, engines, communications equipment How do you assess deniers before a dive for experience level, possible stress and possible equipment problems? - ✔ ✔ 1. Indirect assessment through simple observation
- Looking at gear can provide clues
- Watch diver behavior
- Direct assessment by asking questions and/or checking documents How do you develop demonstration-quality skills? - ✔ ✔ 1. Watch the skills performed (instructor, PADI open water diver video)
- Identify the critical attributes and performance requirements
- Practice is then essential
How do you develop good judgement? - ✔ ✔ 1. Experience
- Taking additional training courses
- Diving with experienced divers How do you evaluate general dive conditions, and how do conditions affect the dive? - ✔ ✔ WEATHER: winds can affect current, temp, visibility, rain/runoff can affect visibility TIDES/CURRENTS: can affect vis and temp, diving techniques etc., rule of thumb is that it's best to dive slack high tide
VISIBILITY: rain, wind and waves can affect vis, seasonal plankton blooms, bottom composition What eight types of equipment can assist in supervising certified divers?
- ✔ ✔ 1. Clipboard with dive roster
- Binoculars
- Dive site maps
- Emergency response equipment
- Marine radio, mobile phone, etc.
- Tool kit - save a dive kit
- Dive flag
- Spare equipment (I.e. bcd, cylinders, reg.) What individual differences in divers does a dive master have to be prepared to accommodate? - ✔ ✔ 1. Skill level
- Physical challenges
- Learning challenges
- Culture What are two likely roles of a dive master in the event of a dive accident? - ✔ ✔ 1. Scene manager - if you are most qualified
- Assistant What characteristics allows experts to more easily solve problems than non experts? - ✔ ✔ They have more knowledge and experience to draw upon to solve problems
What is Boyle's Law? - ✔ ✔ It's the relationship between absolute pressure and volume
PV = K or P1V1 = P2V What is Charles' Law? - ✔ ✔ Charles' Law includes temperature in the pressure/volume equation
(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T
What is Dalton's Law? - ✔ ✔ 1. It's the law of partial pressures
- The total pressure exerted by a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture
What is Henry's Law? - ✔ ✔ 1. The amount of a gas that dissolves into a liquid at a given temperature is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas
- When a gas is in contact with a liquid, it dissolves into the liquid What is meant by "duty of care" and "negligence" in most legal systems?
- ✔ ✔ DUTY OF CARE: means you are expected to act as a reasonably prudent DM would act under the same or similar circumstances, to protect less knowledgeable diver from harm NEGLIGENCE: happens when you fail to meet your expected duty of care and an accident happens
What is meant by risk management? - ✔ ✔ Risk management is the practice of taking precautions, following established guidelines and making choices to reduce risk.
What is scuba review intended for and what is the approach and philosophy of the course? - ✔ ✔ 1. Intended for certified divers who are "rusty"
- Allows divers to quickly review/update basic dive safety related info
- Designed to be flexible and to accommodate many venues, learning styles, needs
- Note: only instructors are able top conduct with non-certified divers What is the PADI member code of practice and how does it apply to risk management? - ✔ ✔ It's part of the PADI standards and helps reduce and manage risk.
What is the primary purpose of diver accounting procedures? - ✔ ✔ To assure that every diver comes back from the dive/dive outing. What is the primary role of a PADI DM compared to that of a PADI instructor in an instructional setting? - ✔ ✔ The DM's primary role is handling logistics and assisting with student diver supervision. The instructor's primary role is teaching and individual student diver learning. What is the role of proper paperwork and administration in reducing risk? - ✔ ✔ 1. Inform divers of risk of diving
- Confirm divers accept diving risk
- Confirm divers are medically fit to participate
- Remind divers to follow safe diving practice
- Can reduce legal risk
What predive suggestions can you give to help divers interact responsibly with the environment and aquatic life? - ✔ ✔ 1. Avoid bumping, kicking, touching organisms
- Be aware of body and equipment placement, buoyancy control gauges, etc.
- Consider interactions with aquatic life
- Respect underwater life and cultural heritage
- If you are hunting, follow game laws
- Set an example for other divers What scuba review knowledge study guide options do students have? - ✔ ✔ 1. Scuba Tune-Up Guidebook (actual booklet)
- Scuba tune-up online
- Review PADI open water diver manual and complete course quizzes and exams What seven functions may a DM be asked to fulfill as an instructional assistant for open water? - ✔ ✔ 1. Supervise predict equipment distribution, post dive collection, and handling equipment difficulties
- Supervise students not immediately watched by the instructor
- Handling logistics and student diver flow
- Conducting tour portions of dives
- Providing instructor with additional info on student diver performance
- Checking divers in and out of water at training site
- Helping student divers with learning difficulties
What steps should you take in the event of an accident? - ✔ ✔ 1. Be prepared beforehand with emergency equipment
- Render emergency assistance
- Activate local emergency medical services
- Show compassion, don't volunteer opinions, etc.
- Isolate dive equipment, noting configuration, cylinder pressure, and leave assembled and intact
- Note environmental conditions (time of day, current, waves, visibility, temp)
- Write down witness names and contact info
- Answer conditions but don't speculate
- Contact PADI office and file PADI incident report
What suggestions can help you manage your own risk? - ✔ ✔ 1. Follow PADI standards
- Follow local regulation, environmental laws, and community and industry practices, laws and guidelines
- Maintain your health and fitness
- Use common sense and good judgement
- Know your limits as a dive leader What three steps do you take to help a student diver master a dive skill?
- ✔ ✔ 1. Redemonstrate the skill so student can watch critical attributes
- Have student attempt the skill again
